Purpose of Review

Stationary waves are planetary-scale longitudinal variations in the time-averaged atmospheric circulation. Here, we consider the projected response of Northern Hemisphere stationary waves to climate change in winter and summer. We discuss how the response varies across different metrics, identify robust responses, and review proposed mechanisms.

Recent Findings

Climate models project shifts in the prevailing wind patterns, with corresponding impacts on regional precipitation, temperature, and extreme events. Recent work has improved our understanding of the links between stationary waves and regional climate and identified robust stationary wave responses to climate change, which include an increased zonal lengthscale in winter, a poleward shift of the wintertime circulation over the Pacific, a weakening of monsoonal circulations, and an overall weakening of stationary wave circulations, particularly their divergent component and quasi-stationary disturbances.

Summary

Numerous factors influence Northern Hemisphere stationary waves, and mechanistic theories exist for only a few aspects of the stationary wave response to climate change. Idealized studies have proven useful for understanding the climate responses of particular atmospheric circulation features and should be a continued focus of future research.

中文翻译：

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气候变化中的北半球驻波

审查目的

驻波是时间平均大气环流的行星尺度纵向变化。在这里，我们考虑北半球驻波对冬季和夏季气候变化的预计响应。我们讨论不同指标的响应如何变化，确定稳健的响应，并审查提出的机制。

最近的发现

气候模型预测盛行风型的变化，并对区域降水、温度和极端事件产生相应的影响。最近的工作提高了我们对驻波与区域气候之间联系的理解，并确定了驻波对气候变化的强烈响应，其中包括冬季纬向长度尺度的增加、太平洋冬季环流向极地移动、季风环流减弱，以及驻波环流的整体减弱，特别是其发散分量和准驻波扰动。

概括

影响北半球驻波的因素有很多，而机械理论只存在于驻波对气候变化响应的几个方面。理想化研究已被证明有助于了解特定大气环流特征的气候响应，并且应该成为未来研究的持续重点。