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Fast time-resolved NMR with non-uniform sampling
Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.09.003
Dariusz Gołowicz , Paweł Kasprzak , Vladislav Orekhov , Krzysztof Kazimierczuk

NMR spectroscopy is a versatile tool for studying time-dependent processes: chemical reactions, phase transitions or macromolecular structure changes. However, time-resolved NMR is usually based on the simplest among available techniques - one-dimensional spectra serving as "snapshots" of the studied process. One of the reasons is that multidimensional experiments are very time-expensive due to costly sampling of evolution time space. In this review we summarize efforts to alleviate the problem of limited applicability of multidimensional NMR in time-resolved studies. We focus on techniques based on sparse or non-uniform sampling (NUS), which lead to experimental time reduction by omitting a significant part of the data during measurement and reconstructing it mathematically, adopting certain assumptions about the spectrum. NUS spectra are faster to acquire than conventional ones and thus better suited to the role of "snapshots", but still suffer from non-stationarity of the signal i.e. amplitude and frequency variations within a dataset. We discuss in detail how these instabilities affect the spectra, and what are the optimal ways of sampling the non-stationary FID signal. Finally, we discuss related areas of NMR where serial experiments are exploited and how they can benefit from the same NUS-based approaches.

中文翻译:

具有非均匀采样的快速时间分辨 NMR

核磁共振光谱是研究时间相关过程的通用工具:化学反应、相变或大分子结构变化。然而,时间分辨 NMR 通常基于可用技术中最简单的技术 - 一维光谱作为研究过程的“快照”。原因之一是由于对进化时间空间的采样成本高昂,多维实验非常耗时。在这篇综述中,我们总结了缓解多维核磁共振在时间分辨研究中的适用性有限问题的努力。我们专注于基于稀疏或非均匀采样 (NUS) 的技术,通过在测量过程中省略大部分数据并在数学上对其进行重建,采用有关频谱的某些假设,从而减少实验时间。NUS 光谱比传统光谱采集速度更快,因此更适合“快照”的作用,但仍然存在信号的非平稳性,即数据集中的幅度和频率变化。我们详细讨论了这些不稳定性如何影响光谱,以及对非平稳 FID 信号进行采样的最佳方法是什么。最后,我们讨论了 NMR 的相关领域,其中利用了连续实验,以及它们如何从相同的基于 NUS 的方法中受益。
更新日期:2020-02-01
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