Weak gravitational lensing of background galaxies provides a direct probe of the projected matter distribution in and around galaxy clusters. Here, we present a self-contained pedagogical review of cluster–galaxy weak lensing, covering a range of topics relevant to its cosmological and astrophysical applications. We begin by reviewing the theoretical foundations of gravitational lensing from first principles, with a special attention to the basics and advanced techniques of weak gravitational lensing. We summarize and discuss key findings from recent cluster–galaxy weak-lensing studies on both observational and theoretical grounds, with a focus on cluster mass profiles, the concentration–mass relation, the splashback radius, and implications from extensive mass-calibration efforts for cluster cosmology.

背景星系的弱引力透镜提供了对星系团内部和周围的投影物质分布的直接探测。在这里，我们对星团星系弱透镜进行了独立的教学回顾，涵盖了与其宇宙学和天体物理应用相关的一系列主题。我们首先从第一原理回顾引力透镜的理论基础，特别关注弱引力透镜的基础知识和先进技术。我们在观测和理论基础上总结并讨论了最近星团-星系弱透镜研究的主要发现，重点是星团质量分布、浓度-质量关系、溅回半径以及星团广泛质量校准工作的影响宇宙学。