This mixed-methods study describes a framework for conducting cost analyses of school-based programs leveraging fidelity data and applying the ingredients method. We illustrate this approach by applying it to Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS), drawing on multiple sources of data from a sample of 77 schools that were trained in PBIS. We concluded that the average per school cost of PBIS was US$53,216.00 (median = US$36,698), with an average per-pupil cost of US$90.00 (median = US$58.00), which is considerably less than other school-based prevention models. The cost did, however, differ by implementation level, such that high-fidelity implementation tended to cost more than low-fidelity implementation. We provide a case illustration to elucidate some of the cost drivers of PBIS implementation. Specifically, these data highlight the variability in the amount of training and coaching by the specific evidence-based program implemented within the tiered PBIS framework. Through this case illustration, we demonstrate the utility of tracking costs of school-based program within the context of fidelity data collection. The findings also suggest the potential cost savings of PBIS, both when compared with other evidence-based interventions as well as the known costs of negative school outcomes like dropout.

这项混合方法研究描述了一个框架，该框架可利用保真度数据并应用成分法对学校课程的成本进行分析。我们通过将其应用到积极行为干预和支持（PBIS）中，并利用来自PBIS培训的77所学校的样本中的多种数据来源，来说明这种方法。我们得出的结论是，PBIS的每所学校平均成本为53,216.00美元（中位数= 36,698美元），每名学生的平均成本为90.00美元（中位数= 58.00美元），大大低于其他基于学校的预防模型。但是，成本确实因实施级别而异，因此，高保真实施的成本往往高于低保真实施的成本。我们提供了一个案例说明，以阐明实施PBIS的一些成本动因。特别，这些数据突显了在PBIS分层框架内实施的基于证据的特定计划所带来的培训和指导数量的差异。通过此案例说明，我们演示了在保真度数据收集的上下文中跟踪基于学校的计划成本的实用程序。研究结果还表明，与其他基于证据的干预措施相比，PBIS可以节省潜在成本，以及已知的负面学校成绩（如辍学）的成本。