During World War 2, Sir Mark Oliphant began to plan for the construction of the world’s first proton synchrotron at the University of Birmingham. In March 1945, he offered a research fellowship to an enthusiastic and highly commended young physicist, John Stanley Gooden. Gooden had graduated from the University of Adelaide in 1941, and been working at the Radiophysics Laboratory, Sydney on radar research. With his wife, he arrived in Birmingham at the end of 1945, and immediately began work on the mathematical theory, design and construction of the proton accelerator. His enthusiasm and work ethic were infectious, and he soon became the project leader. In the latter part of 1947, Oliphant arranged for Gooden and John Fremlin to visit nuclear research facilities in the United States of America (USA) to gain knowledge about American plans for proton accelerators. They spent most of their time at the Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley and at Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York. The United Kingdom (UK) was exhausted after the war, and despite the best efforts of Gooden and Oliphant’s team, the construction of the synchrotron was slow. In 1947, Oliphant accepted a position as head of the Research School of Physical Sciences at the new Australian National University in Canberra. Gooden was the first staff appointment to the school. Oliphant planned to build a cyclosynchrotron at the university with Gooden as team leader. Tragically, in 1950, Gooden’s chronic nephritis deteriorated, and he died on 9 June 1950. Described by Oliphant as ‘my most brilliant student’, Gooden pioneered the theoretical basis and construction of the proton synchrotron. The Birmingham machine was finally completed in 1953, a year after the Brookhaven Cosmotron.

中文翻译：

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约翰古登和伯明翰质子同步加速器

第二次世界大战期间，马克·奥利芬特爵士开始计划在伯明翰大学建造世界上第一台质子同步加速器。1945 年 3 月，他向热情且备受推崇的年轻物理学家约翰·斯坦利·古登（John Stanley Gooden）提供研究奖学金。古登于 1941 年毕业于阿德莱德大学，并在悉尼的放射物理实验室从事雷达研究工作。他与妻子于 1945 年底抵达伯明翰，并立即开始从事质子加速器的数学理论、设计和建造工作。他的热情和职业道德很有感染力，很快他就成为了项目负责人。1947 年下半年，Oliphant 安排 Gooden 和 John Fremlin 参观了美利坚合众国 (USA) 的核研究设施，以了解美国的质子加速器计​​划。他们大部分时间都在加州大学伯克利分校的辐射实验室和纽约布鲁克海文国家实验室度过。英国（UK）战后精疲力竭，尽管古登和奥利芬特的团队尽了最大努力，但同步加速器的建设进展缓慢。1947 年，Oliphant 接受了堪培拉新澳大利亚国立大学物理科学研究学院院长的职位。古登是学校任命的第一位教职员工。Oliphant 计划在大学建造一个由古登担任团队负责人的回旋加速器。可悲的是，1950年，古登的慢性肾炎恶化了，他于 1950 年 6 月 9 日去世。被奥利芬特描述为“我最杰出的学生”，古登开创了质子同步加速器的理论基础和构造。伯明翰机器终于在 1953 年完工，比布鲁克海文宇宙加速器晚一年。