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DNA barcoding of primates and the selection of molecular markers using African Great Apes as a model.
Journal of Anthropological Sciences ( IF 1.500 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 , DOI: 10.4436/jass.98017
Amy S Jackson 1 , Vincent Nijman 2
Affiliation  

Ambiguities within species description and identification may compromise research validity. Species identification has typically been based upon morphological characteristics, yet recent technological advances have led to identifications achieved via DNA approaches, including DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding studies typically use cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) as the proposed universal molecular marker for animals. Here, we test 12 mitochondrial protein coding genes for the presence of a clear barcoding gap allowing us to unequivocally define species. Using the African Great Apes as our model group, we assess this at the species (Pan troglodytes), genus (Pan) and family (Hominidae) level. Based on 279 complete mitochondrial genomes, sequences were partitioned by gene for analysis and pairwise distances were calculated. No barcoding gap was observed at the within species level, i.e., the four recognised chimpanzee taxa were not distinguishable through DNA barcoding. However, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) produce the largest barcoding gaps at the genus (ND5 2%, COII 0.5%) and family (ND5 1.5%, COII 0.5%) level. Rather than focusing on COI, our analysis suggests that these two genes may be more, or at least as, appropriate markers in primate species delineation, with uses in the identification of extinct and extant species. Further use may be beneficial to taxonomists, providing additional evidence and new insights for these morphologically similar species.

中文翻译:

灵长类动物的 DNA 条形码和以非洲类人猿为模型的分子标记选择。

物种描述和鉴定中的歧义可能会影响研究的有效性。物种鉴定通常基于形态特征,但最近的技术进步导致通过 DNA 方法(包括 DNA 条形码)实现鉴定。DNA 条形码研究通常使用细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 I (COI) 作为提议的动物通用分子标记。在这里,我们测试了 12 个线粒体蛋白编码基因是否存在清晰的条形码缺口,使我们能够明确定义物种。使用非洲类人猿作为我们的模型组,我们在物种 (Pan troglodytes)、属 (Pan) 和科 (Hominidae) 级别进行评估。基于 279 个完整的线粒体基因组,序列按基因分区进行分析并计算成对距离。在种内水平上没有观察到条形码差距,即通过DNA条形码无法区分四种已识别的黑猩猩分类群。然而,NADH 脱氢酶亚基 5 (ND5) 和细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 II (COII) 在属 (ND5 2%, COII 0.5%) 和家族 (ND5 1.5%, COII 0.5%) 水平上产生最大的条形码缺口。我们的分析不是关注 COI,而是表明这两个基因可能更多地,或至少作为灵长类物种描述中的适当标记,用于识别灭绝和现存物种。进一步使用可能对分类学家有益,为这些形态相似的物种提供额外的证据和新的见解。NADH 脱氢酶亚基 5 (ND5) 和细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 II (COII) 在属 (ND5 2%, COII 0.5%) 和家族 (ND5 1.5%, COII 0.5%) 水平上产生最大的条形码缺口。我们的分析不是关注 COI,而是表明这两个基因可能更多地,或至少作为灵长类物种描述中的适当标记,用于识别灭绝和现存物种。进一步使用可能对分类学家有益,为这些形态相似的物种提供额外的证据和新的见解。NADH 脱氢酶亚基 5 (ND5) 和细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 II (COII) 在属 (ND5 2%, COII 0.5%) 和家族 (ND5 1.5%, COII 0.5%) 水平上产生最大的条形码缺口。我们的分析不是关注 COI,而是表明这两个基因可能更多地,或至少作为灵长类物种描述中的适当标记,用于识别灭绝和现存物种。进一步使用可能对分类学家有益,为这些形态相似的物种提供额外的证据和新的见解。用于鉴定已灭绝和现存物种。进一步使用可能对分类学家有益,为这些形态相似的物种提供额外的证据和新的见解。用于鉴定已灭绝和现存物种。进一步使用可能对分类学家有益,为这些形态相似的物种提供额外的证据和新的见解。
更新日期:2020-12-31
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