Galaxies living in rich environments are suffering different perturbations able to drastically affect their evolution. Among these, ram pressure stripping, i.e. the pressure exerted by the hot and dense intracluster medium (ICM) on galaxies moving at high velocity within the cluster gravitational potential well, is a key process able to remove their interstellar medium (ISM) and quench their activity of star formation. This review is aimed at describing this physical mechanism in different environments, from rich clusters of galaxies to loose and compact groups. We summarise the effects of this perturbing process on the baryonic components of galaxies, from the different gas phases (cold atomic and molecular, ionised, hot) to magnetic fields and cosmic rays, and describe their induced effects on the different stellar populations, with a particular attention to its role in the quenching episode generally observed in high-density environments. We also discuss on the possible fate of the stripped material once removed from the perturbed galaxies and mixed with the ICM, and we try to estimate its contribution to the pollution of the surrounding environment. Finally, combining the results of local and high-redshift observations with the prediction of tuned models and simulations, we try to quantify the importance of this process on the evolution of galaxies of different mass, from dwarfs to giants, in various environments and at different epochs.

生活在丰富环境中的星系正在遭受不同的扰动，这些扰动能够极大地影响它们的演化。其中，冲压压力剥离，即高温致密的簇内介质（ICM）对在簇引力势阱内高速运动的星系施加的压力，是去除其星际介质（ISM）并淬灭其星系的关键过程。恒星形成的活动。本综述旨在描述不同环境下的这种物理机制，从丰富的星系团到松散和紧凑的星系团。我们总结了这种扰动过程对星系重子成分的影响，从不同的气相（冷原子和分子、电离、热）到磁场和宇宙射线，并描述了它们对不同恒星族群的诱发影响，特别注意其在高密度环境中普遍观察到的猝灭事件中的作用。我们还讨论了剥离物质一旦从扰动星系中移出并与 ICM 混合后可能的命运，并尝试估计其对周围环境污染的贡献。最后，将局部和高红移观测的结果与调谐模型和模拟的预测相结合，我们尝试量化这一过程对不同质量的星系（从矮星到巨星）在不同环境和不同条件下演化的重要性。纪元。