Abstract Lightweight and high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are urgently required to solve increasingly serious radiation pollution. However, traditional lightweight EMI shielding materials usually show low EMI shielding performance, poor mechanical properties, and environmental stability, which greatly limit their practical applications. Herein Ni foam/graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol (Ni/GO/PVA) composite aerogels were successfully prepared by a freeze-drying method. The Ni/GO/PVA composite aerogels possessed low density (189 mg cm−3) and high compression strength (172.2 kPa) and modulus (5.5 MPa). The Ni/GO/PVA composite aerogel was hydrophobic, and their contact angle can reach 145.2°. The hydrophobic modification improved the environmental stability of the composite aerogels. Moreover, the Ni/GO/PVA composite aerogels exhibited excellent EMI shielding performance. Their maximum EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) can reach 87 dB at the thickness of 2.0 mm. When the thickness is only 1.0 mm, the EMI SE can still reach 60 dB. The electromagnetic energy absorption and attenuation mechanisms of Ni/GO/PVA composite aerogels include multiple reflection and scattering, dielectric loss, and magnetic loss. This work provides a promising approach for the design and preparation of the lightweight EMI shielding materials with superior EMI SE, which may be applied in various fields such as aircrafts, spacecrafts, drones, and robotics.

中文翻译：

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用于超高性能电磁干扰屏蔽的轻质疏水 Ni/GO/PVA 复合气凝胶

摘要 解决日益严重的辐射污染，迫切需要轻量化、高性能的电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽材料。然而，传统的轻质EMI屏蔽材料通常表现出EMI屏蔽性能低、机械性能差、环境稳定性差等特点，极大地限制了其实际应用。本文通过冷冻干燥法成功制备了泡沫镍/氧化石墨烯/聚乙烯醇（Ni/GO/PVA）复合气凝胶。Ni/GO/PVA复合气凝胶具有低密度（189 mg cm-3）和高压缩强度（172.2 kPa）和模量（5.5 MPa）。Ni/GO/PVA复合气凝胶具有疏水性，接触角可达145.2°。疏水改性提高了复合气凝胶的环境稳定性。而且，Ni/GO/PVA复合气凝胶表现出优异的EMI屏蔽性能。它们的最大 EMI 屏蔽效能 (SE) 在 2.0 mm 的厚度下可达到 87 dB。当厚度仅为 1.0 mm 时，EMI SE 仍可达到 60 dB。Ni/GO/PVA复合气凝胶的电磁能量吸收和衰减机制包括多次反射和散射、介电损耗和磁损耗。这项工作为设计和制备具有优异 EMI SE 的轻量级 EMI 屏蔽材料提供了一种有前景的方法，可应用于飞机、航天器、无人机和机器人等各个领域。EMI SE 仍然可以达到 60 dB。Ni/GO/PVA复合气凝胶的电磁能量吸收和衰减机制包括多次反射和散射、介电损耗和磁损耗。这项工作为设计和制备具有优异 EMI SE 的轻量级 EMI 屏蔽材料提供了一种有前景的方法，可应用于飞机、航天器、无人机和机器人等各个领域。EMI SE 仍然可以达到 60 dB。Ni/GO/PVA复合气凝胶的电磁能量吸收和衰减机制包括多次反射和散射、介电损耗和磁损耗。这项工作为设计和制备具有优异 EMI SE 的轻量级 EMI 屏蔽材料提供了一种有前景的方法，可应用于飞机、航天器、无人机和机器人等各个领域。