The aim of this article is to analyze the contribution of social ties to moving to high-opportunity locations and assess whether their effect is more pronounced for low-income individuals as a compensation for economic resources. This is done by utilizing Swedish administrative data and by focusing on a wide range of relationships (observed directly or inferred from the data): close and distant family ties, former co-workers and university peers. For estimating the effect of social ties, we use linear probability models, where observed migration is regressed on individual-specific and target-specific characteristics. To account for the nonrandom sorting of movers between locations, we apply sending municipality–target municipality–occupation fixed effects. Our results suggest that there is a positive relationship between migration and the presence of links at given targets for all the examined contact types. The effects are even stronger if the targets are hard-to-reach municipalities (located in Stockholm County or a municipality with higher housing prices). We also demonstrate that, when moving to such opportunity-rich areas, ties to former co-workers and university peers are even more essential assets for those with limited resources. Furthermore, we show that direct help with housing through contacts is an existing factor that contributes to the effect of social networks on residential mobility. The results reinforce the idea that social ties may be of great help in reducing barriers to mobility and can be used to compensate for limited economic resources. We demonstrate the validity of our fixed-effect estimation strategy using a placebo contact approach.

中文翻译：

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如何进入机会高的地方？社会联系对住宅流动性的作用

本文的目的是分析社会纽带对迁移到高机会地点的贡献，并评估作为对经济资源的补偿，其对低收入个人的影响是否更为明显。这是通过利用瑞典的行政数据并通过关注广泛的关系（直接观察或从数据中推断出来的）来完成的：远近的家庭关系、前同事和大学同龄人。为了估计社会关系的影响，我们使用线性概率模型，其中观察到的迁移根据个体特定和目标特定特征进行回归。为了解释位置之间移动者的非随机排序，我们应用了发送城市-目标城市-职业固定效应。我们的结果表明，对于所有检查的联系人类型，迁移与给定目标的链接存在之间存在正相关关系。如果目标是难以到达的城市（位于斯德哥尔摩县或房价较高的城市），则影响会更大。我们还证明，当搬到这些机会丰富的领域时，与前同事和大学同龄人的联系对于资源有限的人来说甚至是更重要的资产。此外，我们表明，通过联系直接帮助住房是导致社交网络对住宅流动性影响的一个现有因素。结果强化了这样一种观点，即社会联系可能有助于减少流动障碍，并可用于补偿有限的经济资源。