linking skin color with life chances. Skin color stratification should be conceptualized in historical, structural terms: as the result of unequal treatment and inherited (dis)advantage, that is, unequal resources transmitted by families with different skin tones. We assess the role of two pathways— discrimination and inherited (dis)advantage—for Blacks’ and Latinos’ employment, earnings, and occupational prestige. We use the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997, which includes a visual skin color measure; multiple indicators of family background; and a sibling subsample that allows us, using fixed-effects models, to recover the effect of skin color net of family background. First, we find that darker skin tone is associated with worse labor market outcomes. Indicators of family background account for 29 to 44 percent of skin color's associations with employment, earnings, and occupational prestige. Second, using sibling fixed-effects models, we find that darker skin tone is associated with worse labor market outcomes, but these associations are not statistically significant. In sum, our findings suggest that we pay attention to the multiple pathways linking skin color with life chances.

中文翻译：

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肤色分层的途径：遗传（不利）优势和肤色歧视在劳动力市场中的作用

将肤色与生活机会联系起来。肤色分层应该以历史的、结构性的术语来概念化：作为不平等待遇和遗传（劣势）优势的结果，即不同肤色的家庭传递的资源不平等。我们评估两种途径——歧视和遗传（不利）优势——对黑人和拉丁裔的就业、收入和职业声望的作用。我们使用 1997 年全国青年纵向研究，其中包括视觉肤色测量；家庭背景多项指标；和一个兄弟子样本，它允许我们使用固定效应模型来恢复家庭背景的肤色网的影响。首先，我们发现较深的肤色与较差的劳动力市场结果有关。家庭背景指标占肤色的29%到44% s 与就业、收入和职业声望的关联。其次，使用兄弟固定效应模型，我们发现较深的肤色与较差的劳动力市场结果相关，但这些关联在统计上并不显着。总之，我们的研究结果表明，我们关注将肤色与生命机会联系起来的多种途径。