Active colloids are self-propelled particles moving in viscous fluids by consuming fuel from their surroundings. Here, we review the numerical and theoretical modeling of active colloids propelled by self-generated near-surface flows. We start with the generic model of an active Brownian particle taking into account potential forces and effective pairwise interaction, which include hydrodynamic and phoretic interactions. Also, the squirmer as a model microswimmer is introduced. We then discuss the explicit modeling of self-generated fluid flow and the full hydrodynamic-chemical coupling. Finally, we discuss recent advances in selected topics in which modeling of active colloids is used to study motion in crowded and complex environments, microrheology in active baths, active colloidal engines, adaptive responses of active colloids with the help of machine learning techniques, as well as effects of colloid and fluid inertia.

中文翻译：

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活性胶体建模：从活性布朗粒子到流体动力学和化学领域


活性胶体是通过消耗周围环境的燃料在粘性流体中移动的自驱动颗粒。在这里，我们回顾了由自生近地表流推动的活性胶体的数值和理论模型。我们从活性布朗粒子的通用模型开始，考虑了势力和有效的成对相互作用，其中包括流体动力学和泳动相互作用。此外，还介绍了作为微型游泳器模型的蠕动器。然后我们讨论自生流体流动的显式建模和完整的流体动力-化学耦合。最后，我们讨论了选定主题的最新进展，其中活性胶体建模用于研究拥挤和复杂环境中的运动、活性浴中的微流变学、活性胶体发动机​​、借助机器学习技术的活性胶体的自适应响应，以及由于胶体和流体惯性的影响。