This study offers insights into the institutional arrangements established to coordinate policies aiming at the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. Drawing on the literature on policy design, we highlight institutional arrangements as elements of policy design spaces and contend that they fall into four categories that either stress the political or problem orientation of this activity: optimal, technical, political, and sub-optimal. We use original data on 44 major economies and greenhouse gas-emitting countries to test this expectation. These data capture various properties of national coordination arrangements, including the types of coordination instruments in place, the degree of hierarchy, the lead government agency responsible for coordination, and the scope of cross-sectoral policy coordination. The dataset also captures the degree to which non-state actors are involved in coordination and whether coordination processes are supported by scientific knowledge. Using cluster analysis, we show that the institutional arrangements for the horizontal coordination of climate policy do indeed fall into the four above-mentioned categories. The cluster analysis further reveals that a fifth, hybrid category exists. Interestingly, the political orientation dominates in the institutional arrangements for the horizontal coordination of climate change mitigation, whereas the problem orientation is more important in the arrangements for the horizontal coordination of climate change adaptation.

本研究深入探讨了为协调旨在减缓和适应气候变化的政策而建立的制度安排。借鉴有关政策设计的文献，我们强调制度安排是政策设计空间的要素，并认为它们分为强调这一活动的政治或问题导向的四类：最优、技术、政治和次优。我们使用44个主要经济体和温室气体排放国的原始数据来检验这一预期。这些数据反映了国家协调安排的各种属性，包括现有协调工具的类型、层级程度、负责协调的牵头政府机构以及跨部门政策协调的范围。该数据集还记录了非国家行为者参与协调的程度以及协调过程是否得到科学知识的支持。通过聚类分析，我们发现气候政策横向协调的制度安排确实属于上述四类。聚类分析进一步揭示了第五种混合类别的存​​在。有趣的是，在减缓气候变化横向协调的制度安排中，政治导向占主导地位，而在适应气候变化的横向协调安排中，问题导向更为重要。