Bone turnover markers (BTMs) are used widely, in both research and clinical practice. In the last 20 years, much experience has been gained in measurement and interpretation of these markers, which include commonly used bone formation markers (bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and procollagen I N-propeptide); and commonly used resorption markers (serum C-telopeptides of type I collagen, urinary N-telopeptides of type I collagen, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b). BTMs are usually measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or automated immunoassay. Sources contributing to BTM variability include uncontrollable factors (eg, age, gender, ethnicity) and controllable factors, particularly relating to collection conditions (eg, fasting/feeding state, and timing relative to circadian rhythms, menstrual cycling, and exercise). Pregnancy, season, drugs, and recent fracture(s) can also affect BTMs. BTMs correlate with other methods of assessing bone turnover, such as bone biopsies and radiotracer kinetics, and can usefully contribute to diagnosis and management of several diseases such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia, hypophosphatasia, primary hyperparathyroidism, and chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder.

中文翻译：

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骨转换标志物：从基础生物学到临床应用。

骨转换标记物 (BTM) 在研究和临床实践中得到广泛应用。在过去的 20 年中，在测量和解释这些标志物方面取得了很多经验，其中包括常用的骨形成标志物（骨碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素和前胶原 I N-前肽）；和常用的再吸收标记物（血清 I 型胶原蛋白 C 端肽、尿液 I 型胶原蛋白 N 端肽和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶 5b 型）。BTM 通常通过酶联免疫吸附测定或自动免疫测定来测量。导致 BTM 变异性的来源包括不可控因素（例如，年龄、性别、种族）和可控因素，特别是与收集条件相关的因素（例如，禁食/进食状态，以及与昼夜节律、月经周期和运动相关的时间）。怀孕、季节、药物和近期骨折也会影响 BTM。BTM 与其他评估骨转换的方法相关联，例如骨活组织检查和放射性示踪剂动力学，并且有助于诊断和管理多种疾病，例如骨质疏松症、骨软化症、佩吉特氏病、纤维发育不良、低磷酸酯酶症、原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症和慢性肾脏病-矿物质性骨病。