As climate change is exacerbated and existing resources are depleted, the need for sustainable industries becomes ever so important. Aviation is not an exception. Despite the overall carbon dioxide emissions related to the aviation sector accounts for 2%–4% currently, forecasts for air travel indicate an annual growth of 3%–5% and other industries present more potential to reduce carbon emissions once they recur to an increasing use of renewable energies. This option is more difficult in aeronautics since an efficient and lighter energy storage system is required and the current state of the art in battery technology is far from the specific energy densities of fossil fuels and its production is not friendly to the environment. Thus, a herculean effort to integrate several promising mitigation strategies in an efficient way is required. In this paper, a review of the most upfront solutions towards greener aviation is presented and categorized as follows: concepts of operations, energy storage, propulsion systems, aerodynamics, structures, materials, and manufacturing processes. In the end, potential synergies between the different technologies to achieve green aviation are proposed.

随着气候变化的加剧和现有资源的枯竭，对可持续工业的需求变得越来越重要。航空也不例外。尽管目前与航空业相关的二氧化碳排放总量占 2% 至 4%，但航空旅行的预测表明每年增长 3% 至 5%，而其他行业一旦恢复增长，则具有更大的减少碳排放的潜力使用可再生能源。这种选择在航空领域更加困难，因为需要高效且轻便的储能系统，并且电池技术的当前技术水平远未达到化石燃料的特定能量密度，而且其生产对环境也不友好。因此，需要付出巨大的努力，以有效的方式整合几种有前途的缓解策略。在本文中，对最前沿的绿色航空解决方案进行了回顾，并将其分类如下：操作概念、储能、推进系统、空气动力学、结构、材料和制造工艺。最后，提出了实现绿色航空的不同技术之间的潜在协同作用。