The paper explores and compares the ways in which Neolithic heritage in Greece and Turkey—two archaeologically and historically influential cases—has been used at the level of the state and the diverse meanings, values and histories ascribed to it by local communities and public discourse. Using four very representative examples as case studies, including the World Heritage sites of Çatalhöyük and Göbekli Tepe in Turkey as well as Dimini and Dispilio in Greece, the paper demonstrates how Neolithic spaces are used by different agents to install a certain image of history and to form a collective memory, but also to emphasize difference and discontinuity. The main aim is to explore the relationship between heritage, space and history. Special emphasis is placed on the politics of history or historiography and identity at all levels and on the placement of the debates into a larger historical and discursive context.

本文探讨并比较了希腊和土耳其的新石器时代遗产（这两个具有考古学和历史影响力的案例）在国家层面的使用方式，以及当地社区和公共话语赋予其的不同含义、价值和历史。本文以四个非常有代表性的例子作为案例研究，包括土耳其的加泰土丘和哥贝克力石阵以及希腊的迪米尼和迪斯皮利奥世界遗产地，展示了新石器时代的空间如何被不同的主体用来安装某种历史形象，并形成集体记忆，同时也强调差异性和不连续性。主要目的是探索遗产、空间和历史之间的关系。特别强调各个层面的历史或史学和身份的政治，以及将辩论置于更大的历史和话语背景中。