Earlier empirical research on party list proportional representation systems shows that women spend less on campaigns than men, particularly when quotas are applied. An analysis of the candidate campaign expenses for the 2014 and 2018 Colombian Lower Chamber elections provides a novel test of this gender gap and its underlying causes. The research design leverages Colombia’s unique context of electoral institutions, with interdistrict variation in terms of quota rules, and the availability of detailed information on campaign spending and funding. The regression models show that the gender gap in campaign spending is limited to districts with quota rules and disappears among incumbents and candidates listed first on the ballot. As for funding, women candidates are most disadvantaged with regard to personal funds and corporate donations but attract as many individual donations as men do.

早期对政党名单比例代表制的实证研究表明，女性在竞选活动上的支出低于男性，尤其是在实行配额制时。对 2014 年和 2018 年哥伦比亚下议院选举的候选人竞选费用的分析为这种性别差距及其根本原因提供了一种新的检验。研究设计利用了哥伦比亚独特的选举机构背景、配额规则方面的区际差异，以及有关竞选支出和资金的详细信息的可用性。回归模型显示，竞选支出中的性别差距仅限于有配额规则的选区，而在现任者和名列前茅的候选人中则不存在。至于资金，