Dual-process perspectives have made substantial contributions to our understanding of behavior, but fundamental questions about how and when deliberate and automatic cognition shape action continue to be debated. Among these are whether automatic or deliberate cognition is ultimately in control of behavior, how often each type of cognition controls behavior in practice, and how the answers to each of these questions depends on the individual in question. To answer these questions, sociologists need methodological tools that enable them to directly test competing claims. We argue that this aim will be advanced by (a) using a particular type of data known as response conflict data and (b) analyzing those data using multinomial processing tree models. We illustrate the utility of this approach by reanalyzing three samples of data from Miles et al. (2019) on behaviors related to politics, morality, and race.

中文翻译：

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使用响应冲突和多项处理树模型测试认知和行动模型

双过程观点对我们对行为的理解做出了重大贡献，但关于故意和自动认知如何以及何时影响行动的基本问题仍在争论中。其中包括自动或故意认知是否最终控制行为，每种类型的认知在实践中控制行为的频率，以及每个问题的答案如何取决于所讨论的个人。为了回答这些问题，社会学家需要方法论工具，使他们能够直接检验相互竞争的主张。我们认为，通过 (a) 使用称为响应冲突数据的特定类型的数据和 (b) 使用多项式处理树模型分析这些数据，可以推进这一目标。我们通过重新分析 Miles 等人的三个数据样本来说明这种方法的实用性。