Background To assess the prevalence of myopia and the distribution of ocular axial length as surrogate for myopic refractive error in school children in a population in Russia. Methods The Ural Children Eye Study, a school-based case–control study, was conducted in Ufa/Bashkortostan/Russia from 2019 to 2022 and included 4933 children (age: 9.7±2.6 years; range: 6.2–18.8 years). The parents underwent a detailed interview and the children an ophthalmological and general examination. Results Prevalence of any myopia (≤−0.50 dioptres (D)), minor myopia (−0.50 D to −1.0 D), moderate myopia (−1.01 D to −5.99 D) and high myopia (≤−6.0D) was 2187/3737 (46.2%; 95% CI 44.8% to 48.6%), 693/4737 (14.6%; 95% CI 13.6% to 15.6%), 1430/4737 (30.2%; 95% CI 28.9% to 31.5%) and 64/4737 (1.4%; 95% CI 1.0% to 1.7%), respectively. In the children aged 17+ years, prevalence of any, minor, moderate and high myopia was 170/259 (65.6%; 95% CI 59.8% to 71.5%), 130/259 (50.2%; 95% CI 44.1% to 56.3%), 28/259 (10.8%; 95% CI 7.0% to 14.6%) and 12/259 (4.6%; 95% CI 2.1% to 7.2%), respectively. After adjusting for corneal refractive power (beta: 0.09) and lens thickness (beta: −0.08), larger myopic refractive error was associated (r2=0.19) with older age (beta: 0.33), female sex (beta: 0.04), higher prevalence of maternal (beta: 0.15) and paternal (beta: 0.12) myopia, more time spent in school, with reading books or playing with the cell phone (beta: 0.05) and less total time spent outdoors (beta: 0.05). Axial length and myopic refractive error increased by 0.12 mm (95% CI 0.11 to 0.13) and −0.18 D (95% CI 0.17 to 0.20), respectively, per year of age. Conclusions In this ethnically mixed urban school children population from Russia, prevalence of any myopia (65.6%) and high myopia (4.6%) in children aged 17+ years was higher than in adult populations in the same region and it was lower than in East Asian school children, with similar associated factors. Data are available on reasonable request.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯儿童和青少年近视患病率及相关因素：乌​​拉尔儿童眼科研究

背景 旨在评估俄罗斯学童的近视患病率和眼轴长度的分布，作为近视屈光不正的替代指标。方法 乌拉尔儿童眼科研究是一项以学校为基础的病例对照研究，于 2019 年至 2022 年在俄罗斯乌法/巴什科尔托斯坦开展，纳入了 4933 名儿童（年龄：9.7±2.6 岁；范围：6.2-18.8 岁）。父母接受了详细的面谈，孩子们接受了眼科和全身检查。结果 任何近视（≤−0.50 屈光度 (D)）、轻度近视（−0.50 D 至 −1.0 D）、中度近视（−1.01 D 至 −5.99 D）和高度近视（≤−6.0D）的患病率为 2187/ 3737（46.2%；95% CI 44.8% 至 48.6%）、693/4737（14.6%；95% CI 13.6% 至 15.6%）、1430/4737（30.2%；95% CI 28.9% 至 31.5%）和 64 /4737（1.4%；95% CI 1.0% 至 1.7%）。在17岁以上儿童中，任何、轻微、中度和高度近视的患病率分别为170/259（65.6%；95% CI 59.8%至71.5%）、130/259（50.2%；95% CI 44.1%至56.3） %）、28/259（10.8%；95% CI 7.0% 至 14.6%）和 12/259（4.6%；95% CI 2.1% 至 7.2%）。调整角膜屈光力（β：0.09）和晶状体厚度（β：-0.08）后，较大的近视屈光不正与年龄较大（β：0.33）、女性（β：0.04）、较高的近视屈光不正相关（r2 = 0.19）母亲（β：0.15）和父亲（β：0.12）近视患病率，在学校、看书或玩手机的时间较多（β：0.05），而户外总时间较少（β：0.05）。每增加一岁，眼轴长度和近视屈光不正分别增加0.12 mm（95% CI 0.11至0.13）和-0.18 D（95% CI 0.17至0.20）。结论 在俄罗斯民族混居的城市学童中，17岁以上儿童任意近视（65.6%）和高度近视（4.6%）的患病率高于同一地区成年人群，低于东部地区亚洲学童，具有类似的相关因素。可根据合理要求提供数据。