Keloids are a fibrotic disease caused by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in the dermis; they have neoplasia-like properties of aggressive growth and high posttreatment recurrence rates. Therefore, it is imperative to gain additional insight into the pathobiology of keloid formation. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has brought data-driven innovation to understanding the pathogenesis of keloids by breaking the limitations of traditional sequencing technologies to resolve cell composition and to distinguish functional cell subtypes at an unprecedented resolution. The present review aims to cover the application of scRNA-seq technology in keloids and its exploratory findings, including the depiction of the cellular landscape of keloids, fibroblast heterogeneity, the lineage development of Schwann cells and the mesenchymal-activation phenomenon of endothelial cells. Furthermore, scRNA-seq records the transcriptional profiles of fibroblasts and immune cells in a more refined manner, and this gene expression information provides excellent material for inferring intercellular communication networks and lays an important theoretical foundation for future studies.

中文翻译：

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解码瘢痕疙瘩的分子景观：来自单细胞转录组学的新见解

瘢痕疙瘩是一种由真皮中细胞外基质过度积累引起的纤维化疾病；它们具有类似肿瘤的侵袭性生长特性和高治疗后复发率。因此，必须深入了解瘢痕疙瘩形成的病理生物学。单细胞 RNA 测序 (scRNA-seq) 技术打破了传统测序技术以前所未有的分辨率解析细胞组成和区分功能性细胞亚型的局限性，为了解瘢痕疙瘩的发病机制带来了数据驱动的创新。本综述旨在涵盖 scRNA-seq 技术在瘢痕疙瘩中的应用及其探索性发现，包括瘢痕疙瘩细胞景观的描述、成纤维细胞异质性、雪旺细胞的谱系发展和内皮细胞的间充质激活现象。此外，scRNA-seq以更精细的方式记录了成纤维细胞和免疫细胞的转录谱，这些基因表达信息为推断细胞间通讯网络提供了极好的材料，为未来的研究奠定了重要的理论基础。