The gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and well-being of the host. Recent studies have demonstrated that the GM may significantly influence bone metabolism and degenerative skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis (OP). Interventions targeting GM modification, including probiotics or antibiotics, have been found to affect bone remodeling. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent research on the role of GM in regulating bone remodeling and seeks to elucidate the regulatory mechanism from various perspectives, such as the interaction with the immune system, interplay with estrogen or parathyroid hormone (PTH), the impact of GM metabolites, and the effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Moreover, this review explores the potential of probiotics as a therapeutic approach for OP. The insights presented may contribute to the development of innovative GM-targeted therapies for OP.

肠道菌群 (GM) 在维持宿主的整体健康和福祉方面起着至关重要的作用。最近的研究表明，转基因可能会显着影响骨代谢和退行性骨骼疾病，例如骨质疏松症 (OP)。已发现针对转基因改造的干预措施（包括益生菌或抗生素）会影响骨骼重塑。本综述全面总结了近期关于 GM 在调节骨重塑中的作用的研究，并试图从多个角度阐明调节机制，例如与免疫系统的相互作用、与雌激素或甲状旁腺激素 (PTH) 的相互作用、影响转基因代谢物的影响，以及细胞外囊泡 (EV) 的影响。此外，这篇综述探讨了益生菌作为 OP 治疗方法的潜力。