Increasingly, countries in the Global South-notably South Africa, Brazil, and Indonesia-are introducing material transfer agreements (MTAs) into their domestic laws for the exchange of scientific material. The MTA is a contract securing the legal transfer of tangible research material between organizations such as laboratories, pharmaceutical companies, or universities. Critical commentators argue that these agreements in the Global North have come to fulfill an important role in the expansion of dominant intellectual property regimes. Taking Indonesia as a case, this article examines how MTAs are enacted and implemented differently in the context of research involving the Global South. Against the conventionally understood forms of contract that commodify and commercialize materials and knowledge, the MTA in the South can be understood as a legal technology appropriated to translate a formerly relational economy of the scientific gift to a market system of science. As a way of gaining leverage in the uneven space of the global bioeconomy, the MTA functions as a technology for 'reverse appropriation', a reworking of its usage and meaning as a way of countering some of the global power inequalities experienced by Global South countries. The operation of this reverse appropriation, however, is hybrid, and reveals a complex reconfiguration of scientific exchange amidst a growing push for 'open science'.

中文翻译：

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生物主权之后：作为关系技术的物质转让协议。

越来越多的南半球国家，特别是南非、巴西和印度尼西亚，正在将材料转让协议 (MTA) 纳入其国内法律，以交换科学材料。MTA 是一份确保实验室、制药公司或大学等组织之间有形研究材料合法转移的合同。批评人士认为，北半球国家的这些协议在主导知识产权制度的扩张中发挥了重要作用。本文以印度尼西亚为例，探讨了在涉及全球南方的研究背景下如何以不同方式制定和实施 MTA。与传统理解的将材料和知识商品化和商业化的合同形式不同，南方的 MTA 可以被理解为一种法律技术，用于将以前的科学礼物关系经济转化为科学市场体系。作为在全球生物经济不平衡空间中获得影响力的一种方式，MTA 充当“反向拨款”技术，对其用法和含义进行了重新设计，作为对抗全球南方国家所经历的一些全球权力不平等的一种方式。然而，这种反向拨款的运作是混合的，并揭示了在不断推动“开放科学”的过程中科学交流的复杂重组。