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Some agents are more similar than others: customer orientation of frontline robots and employees
Journal of Service Management ( IF 10.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 , DOI: 10.1108/josm-06-2022-0192
David Leiño Calleja , Jeroen Schepers , Edwin J. Nijssen

Purpose

The impact of frontline robots (FLRs) on customer orientation perceptions remains unclear. This is remarkable because customers may associate FLRs with standardization and cost-cutting, such that they may not fit firms that aim to be customer oriented.

Design/methodology/approach

In four experiments, data are collected from customers interacting with frontline employees (FLEs) and FLRs in different settings.

Findings

FLEs are perceived as more customer-oriented than FLRs due to higher competence and warmth evaluations. A relational interaction style attenuates the difference in perceived competence between FLRs and FLEs. These agents are also perceived as more similar in competence and warmth when FLRs participate in the customer journey's information and negotiation stages. Switching from FLE to FLR in the journey harms FLR evaluations.

Practical implications

The authors recommend firms to place FLRs only in the negotiation stage or in both the information and negotiation stages of the customer journey. Still then customers should not transition from employees to robots (vice versa does no harm). Firms should ensure that FLRs utilize a relational style when interacting with customers for optimal effects.

Originality/value

The authors bridge the FLR and sales/marketing literature by drawing on social cognition theory. The authors also identify the product categories for which customers are willing to negotiate with an FLR. Broadly speaking, this study’s findings underline that customers perceive robots as having agency (i.e. the mental capacity for acting with intentionality) and, just as humans, can be customer-oriented.



中文翻译:

有些代理比其​​他代理更相似:一线机器人和员工的客户导向,有些代理比其​​他代理更相似:一线机器人和员工的客户导向

目的

一线机器人 (FLR) 对客户导向认知的影响仍不清楚。这是值得注意的,因为客户可能会将 FLR 与标准化和成本削减联系起来,因此它们可能不适合旨在以客户为导向的公司。

设计/方法论/途径

在四个实验中,数据是从不同环境中与一线员工 (FLE) 和 FLR 互动的客户中收集的。

发现

由于能力和热情评估更高,FLE 被认为比 FLR 更以客户为导向。关系交互风格削弱了 FLR 和 FLE 之间感知能力的差异。当 FLR 参与客户旅程的信息和谈判阶段时,这些座席也被认为在能力和热情方面更加相似。在旅程中从 FLE 切换到 FLR 会损害 FLR 评估。

实际影响

作者建议公司仅将 FLR 置于客户旅程的谈判阶段或同时置于信息和谈判阶段。尽管如此,客户不应该从员工过渡到机器人(反之亦然也没有坏处)。公司应确保 FLR 在与客户互动时采用关系风格,以获得最佳效果。

原创性/价值

作者利用社会认知理论将 FLR 和销售/营销文献联系起来。作者还确定了客户愿意与 FLR 协商的产品类别。从广义上讲,这项研究的结果强调,客户认为机器人具有代理能力(即有意图地行动的心理能力),并且就像人类一样,可以以客户为导向。

,

目的

一线机器人 (FLR) 对客户导向认知的影响仍不清楚。这是值得注意的,因为客户可能会将 FLR 与标准化和成本削减联系起来,因此它们可能不适合旨在以客户为导向的公司。

设计/方法论/途径

在四个实验中,数据是从不同环境中与一线员工 (FLE) 和 FLR 互动的客户中收集的。

发现

由于能力和热情评估更高,FLE 被认为比 FLR 更以客户为导向。关系交互风格削弱了 FLR 和 FLE 之间感知能力的差异。当 FLR 参与客户旅程的信息和谈判阶段时,这些座席也被认为在能力和热情方面更加相似。在旅程中从 FLE 切换到 FLR 会损害 FLR 评估。

实际影响

作者建议公司仅将 FLR 置于客户旅程的谈判阶段或同时置于信息和谈判阶段。尽管如此,客户不应该从员工过渡到机器人(反之亦然也没有坏处)。公司应确保 FLR 在与客户互动时采用关系风格,以获得最佳效果。

原创性/价值

作者利用社会认知理论将 FLR 和销售/营销文献联系起来。作者还确定了客户愿意与 FLR 协商的产品类别。从广义上讲,这项研究的结果强调,客户认为机器人具有代理能力(即有意图地行动的心理能力),并且就像人类一样,可以以客户为导向。

更新日期:2023-06-26
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