Few empirical studies have explored variability in parenting behaviours observed in a mealtime setting as well as in a play setting with young children. We analysed data from 282 parent–toddler dyads who participated in the Play & Grow study in the United States in 2017–2019. Parent–child interactions were video recorded during play in the laboratory when the child was 18 months old and then during mealtime in the home 6 months later. Standardised coding procedures were used to rate parenting behaviours (sensitivity, cognitive stimulation, positive regard, detachment, intrusive control and negative regard). We describe correlations and differences and variability in parenting behaviour between the two assessments and relative to child sex, gestational age, parent education level, household composition and household income. Detachment was lower on average during play at 18 months compared to during mealtime at 24 months (Cohen's d = −0.40), and the other five parenting behaviours were greater on average during play than during mealtime (d = 0.18–0.43). Sociodemographic characteristics were unrelated to the magnitude of individual differences across contexts in any of the parenting behaviours. Implications for research on associations between parent–child interactions and risk for childhood obesity are discussed.

中文翻译：

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与幼儿玩耍和进餐时养育行为的变化

很少有实证研究探讨了在用餐环境以及与幼儿玩耍的环境中观察到的养育行为的变异性。我们分析了 2017 年至 2019 年在美国参加 Play & Grow 研究的 282 名亲子组合的数据。孩子 18 个月大时在实验室玩耍时以及 6 个月后在家里吃饭时亲子互动都被录像。使用标准化编码程序对养育行为进行评分（敏感性、认知刺激、积极关注、疏离、侵入性控制和消极关注）。我们描述了两种评估之间养育行为与儿童性别、胎龄、父母教育水平、家庭构成和家庭收入之间的相关性、差异性和变异性。与 24 个月时的进餐时间相比，18 个月时游戏期间的平均疏离感较低（Cohen's d  = -0.40），而其他五种养育行为在游戏期间的平均疏离程度高于进餐时间（d  = 0.18–0.43）。社会人口学特征与任何养育行为中不同背景下的个体差异程度无关。讨论了亲子互动与儿童肥胖风险之间关联研究的意义。