Two primary engineering challenges are en route to fabricating high-performance flexible stainless-steel based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ solar cells; Growing absorbers without contamination from the substrate, and providing alkali dopants to the absorber. The former is chiefly addressed by introducing a barrier layer, and the latter by post-deposition treatment or including dopant-containing layers in the stack. Here we organize these solutions and different approaches in an accessible scheme. Additionally, reports on interaction between contamination and alkali elements are discussed, as is the impact of barrier layer properties on the interconnect technology. Lastly, we make recommendations to consolidate the multitude of sometimes inharmonious solutions.

制造高性能柔性不锈钢基 Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) ₂太阳能电池面临两个主要的工程挑战：在不受衬底污染的情况下生长吸收体，并向吸收体提供碱性掺杂剂。前者主要通过引入阻挡层来解决，后者通过沉积后处理或在叠层中包括含掺杂剂层来解决。在这里，我们以易于访问的方案组织这些解决方案和不同的方法。此外，还讨论了有关污染物和碱金属元素之间相互作用的报告，以及阻挡层特性对互连技术的影响。最后，我们提出建议来整合众多有时不和谐的解决方案。