The different cell types in the brain have highly specialized roles with unique metabolic requirements. Normal brain function requires the coordinated partitioning of metabolic pathways between these cells, such as in the neuron–astrocyte glutamate–glutamine cycle. An emerging theme in glioblastoma (GBM) biology is that malignant cells integrate into or “hijack” brain metabolism, co-opting neurons and glia for the supply of nutrients and recycling of waste products. Moreover, GBM cells communicate via signaling metabolites in the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor growth and induce immune suppression. Recent findings in this field point toward new therapeutic strategies to target the metabolic exchange processes that fuel tumorigenesis and suppress the anticancer immune response in GBM. Here, we provide an overview of the intercellular division of metabolic labor that occurs in both the normal brain and the GBM tumor microenvironment and then discuss the implications of these interactions for GBM therapy.

中文翻译：

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大脑中的代谢分配及其被胶质母细胞瘤劫持

大脑中的不同细胞类型具有高度专业化的作用，具有独特的代谢要求。正常的大脑功能需要这些细胞之间代谢途径的协调分配，例如在神经元-星形胶质细胞谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环中。胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）生物学的一个新兴主题是恶性细胞整合或“劫持”大脑代谢，选择神经元和神经胶质细胞来供应营养和回收废物。此外，GBM细胞通过肿瘤微环境中的信号代谢物进行通信，以促进肿瘤生长并诱导免疫抑制。该领域的最新研究结果指出了新的治疗策略，以促进 GBM 肿瘤发生和抑制抗癌免疫反应的代谢交换过程为目标。在这里，我们概述了正常大脑和 GBM 肿瘤微环境中发生的细胞间代谢劳动分工，然后讨论这些相互作用对 GBM 治疗的影响。