To accelerate the growth of Industry 4.0 technologies, the digitalization of mechanical testing laboratories as one of the main data-driven units of materials processing industries is introduced in this paper. The digital lab infrastructure consists of highly detailed and standard-compliant materials testing knowledge graphs for a wide range of mechanical testing processes, as well as some tools that enable the efficient ontology development and conversion of heterogeneous materials’ mechanical testing data to the machine-readable data of uniform and standardized structures. As a basis for designing such a digital lab, the mechanical testing ontology (MTO) was developed based on the ISO 23718 and ISO/IEC 21838-2 standards for the semantic representation of the mechanical testing experiments, quantities, artifacts, and report data. The trial digitalization of materials mechanical testing lab was successfully performed by utilizing the developed tools and knowledge graph of processes for converting the various experimental test data of heterogeneous structures, languages, and formats to standardized Resource Description Framework (RDF) data formats. The concepts of data storage and data sharing in data spaces were also introduced and SPARQL queries were utilized to evaluate how the introduced approach can result in the data retrieval and response to the competency questions. The proposed digital materials mechanical testing lab approach allows the industries to access lots of trustworthy and traceable mechanical testing data of other academic and industrial organizations, and subsequently organize various data-driven research for their faster and cheaper product development leading to a higher performance of products in engineering and ecological aspects.

为了加速工业4.0技术的发展，本文介绍了作为材料加工行业主要数据驱动单位之一的机械测试实验室的数字化。数字实验室基础设施由非常详细且符合标准的材料测试知识图组成，适用于各种机械测试过程，以及一些工具，可实现高效的本体开发以及异种材料的机械测试数据转换为机器可读的数据统一和标准化结构的数据。作为设计此类数字实验室的基础，机械测试本体 (MTO) 是根据 ISO 23718 和 ISO/IEC 21838-2 标准开发的，用于机械测试实验、数量、工件和报告数据的语义表示。利用开发的工具和流程知识图谱，将异构结构、语言和格式的各种实验测试数据转换为标准化的资源描述框架（RDF）数据格式，成功地进行了材料力学测试实验室数字化试验。还介绍了数据空间中的数据存储和数据共享的概念，并利用 SPARQL 查询来评估所引入的方法如何实现数据检索和对能力问题的回答。拟议的数字材料机械测试实验室方法允许行业访问其他学术和工业组织的大量值得信赖和可追溯的机械测试数据，