In noncentrosymmetric materials, the responses (for example, electrical and optical) generally depend on the direction of the external stimuli, called nonreciprocal phenomena. In quantum materials, these nonreciprocal responses are governed by the quantum geometric properties and symmetries of the electronic states. In particular, spatial inversion ([Formula: see text]) and time-reversal ([Formula: see text]) symmetries play crucial roles, which are also relevant to the geometric Berry phase. Here, we give a comprehensive review of the nonreciprocal transport and optical responses including ( a) the magnetochiral anisotropy, i.e., the nonlinear resistivity with respect to the electric field, in semiconductors and metals, ( b) the nonreciprocal transport in superconductors such as the nonreciprocal paraconductivity and the superconducting diode effect in bulk and Josephson junctions, and ( c) the second-order nonlinear optical effects in the electric field of light, including the geometric shift current in nonmagnetic systems, magnetic systems, and superconductors.

中文翻译：

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量子材料中的不可逆输运和光学现象


在非中心对称材料中，响应（例如电学和光学）通常取决于外部刺激的方向，称为非互易现象。在量子材料中，这些不可逆响应受量子几何特性和电子态的对称性控制。特别是，空间反演（[公式：见正文]）和时间反演（[公式：见正文]）对称性起着至关重要的作用，这也与几何贝里相有关。在这里，我们对不可逆输运和光学响应进行了全面的回顾，包括（a）磁手性各向异性，即半导体和金属中相对于电场的非线性电阻率，（b）超导体中的不可逆输运，例如体结和约瑟夫森结中的不可逆顺导性和超导二极管效应，以及（c）光电场中的二阶非线性光学效应，包括非磁性系统、磁性系统和超导体中的几何位移电流。