The homeostasis of bone microenvironment is the foundation of bone health and comprises two concerted events: bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. In the early 21st century, leptin, an adipocytes-derived hormone was found to affect bone homeostasis through hypothalamic relay and sympathetic nervous system, involving neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. This discovery has provided a new perspective regarding the synergistic effects of endocrine and nervous systems on skeletal homeostasis. Since then, more studies were conducted, gradually uncovering the complex neuroendocrine regulation underlying bone homeostasis. Intriguingly, bone is also considered as an endocrine organ that can produce regulatory factors which in turn exert effects on neuroendocrine activities. After decades of exploration into bone regulation mechanisms, separate bioactive factors have been extensively investigated, whereas few studies have systematically shown a global view of bone homeostasis regulation. Therefore, we summarized the previously studied regulatory patterns from nervous system and endocrine system to bone. This review will provide readers with a panoramic view of the intimate relationship between the neuroendocrine system and bone, compensating for current understanding of the regulation patterns of bone homeostasis, and probably developing new therapeutic strategies for its related disorders.

中文翻译：

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神经内分泌系统和骨稳态之间的串扰。

骨微环境的稳态是骨健康的基础，包括两个协同事件：成骨细胞的骨形成和破骨细胞的骨吸收。21世纪初，人们发现瘦素（一种脂肪细胞衍生的激素）通过下丘脑中继和交感神经系统影响骨稳态，涉及血清素和去甲肾上腺素等神经递质。这一发现为内分泌和神经系统对骨骼稳态的协同作用提供了新的视角。此后，进行了更多的研究，逐渐揭示了骨稳态背后复杂的神经内分泌调节。有趣的是，骨骼也被认为是一种内分泌器官，可以产生调节因子，进而对神经内分泌活动产生影响。经过数十年对骨调节机制的探索，不同的生物活性因子已被广泛研究，但很少有研究系统地展示骨稳态调节的全局观点。因此，我们总结了之前研究的从神经系统、内分泌系统到骨骼的调控模式。这篇综述将为读者提供神经内分泌系统与骨骼之间密切关系的全景视图，弥补目前对骨稳态调节模式的理解，并可能为其相关疾病开发新的治疗策略。