The ecological approach to psychology has been a main antecedent of embodied and situated approaches to cognition. The concept of affordances in particular has gained currency throughout psychological science. Yet, contemporary ecological psychology has seemed inaccessible to outsiders and protective of its legacy. Indeed, some prominent ecological psychologists have presented their approach as a "package deal"-a principled and unified perspective on perception and action. Looking at the history of the field, however, we argue that ecological psychology has developed in rich and pluriform ways. Aiming to open the field to critical engagement and productive exchange, we identify three major strands of thought within ecological psychology, each of which emerged in the 20 years after Gibson's death: physical, biological, and social ecological psychology. Each of these strands develop ecological ideas in quite different directions, making different use of some of its central concepts, adopting different explanatory principles, and embodying different philosophical worldviews. Proponents of the ecological approach have been arguing for pluralism within cognitive science to make room for ecological psychology. Given the diversity of the strands, we extend this plea to within ecological psychology itself; the field is better off aiming for a productive pluralism in which the different strands are in dialogue with each other. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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生产多元化：生态心理学时代的到来。

心理学的生态方法一直是具身认知和情境认知方法的主要前提。可供性的概念在整个心理科学中尤其流行。然而，当代生态心理学似乎对外人来说难以理解，并对其遗产进行了保护。事实上，一些著名的生态心理学家已经将他们的方法描述为“一揽子交易”——一种关于感知和行动的有原则的、统一的视角。然而，纵观该领域的历史，我们认为生态心理学已经以丰富多样的方式发展。为了打开批判性参与和富有成效的交流的领域，我们确定了生态心理学中的三个主要思想流派，每一个流派都在吉布森去世后 20 年中出现：物理、生物和社会生态心理学。这些流派中的每一种都在截然不同的方向上发展了生态思想，对其一些中心概念进行了不同的利用，采用了不同的解释原则，并体现了不同的哲学世界观。生态学方法的支持者一直主张认知科学的多元化，以便为生态心理学腾出空间。鉴于线索的多样性，我们将这一呼吁扩展到生态心理学本身。该领域最好的目标是实现富有成效的多元化，让不同的部门相互对话。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。