A numerical investigation to evaluate tornado flows with immersed bodies is presented in this work, where vortex profile models are adopted to generate the flow field based on time-dependent boundary conditions. In order to reproduce flow conditions obtained from field data and experimental analyses, a parametric study is performed considering the main model parameters influencing the tornado flow characteristics. A Taylor–Galerkin finite element model is used for flow simulation, where eight-node hexahedral elements with one-point integration are adopted. Vortex flow fields are generated numerically using the Modified Rankine Combined Vortex Method (MRCVM) and a fully three-dimensional approach is utilized for tornado-like flows considering the Vastistas vortex model. Turbulence is analyzed using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with Smagorinsky's sub-grid scale modeling. The vortex formulations are verified considering a circular cylinder submitted to vortex flows, where aerodynamic force coefficients are obtained. A tornado flow field generated experimentally is reproduced utilizing the vortex models proposed here and a cubic building subject to different tornado flow conditions is also analyzed. Results demonstrate that velocity profile models are able to reproduce tornado flow fields and aerodynamic forces on immersed bodies satisfactorily since the boundary conditions and vortex model parameters are calibrated properly.

这项工作提出了评估浸没体龙卷风流的数值研究，其中采用涡流轮廓模型来生成基于时间相关边界条件的流场​​。为了再现从现场数据和实验分析获得的流动条件，考虑影响龙卷风流动特性的主要模型参数进行参数研究。流动模拟采用Taylor-Galerkin有限元模型，采用八节点六面体单元单点积分。使用改进的朗肯组合涡流方法 (MRCVM)以数值方式生成涡流流场，并考虑 Vastistas 涡流模型，采用全三维方法来处理类龙卷风流。使用大涡模拟(LES) 和 Smagorinsky 的子网格尺度建模来分析湍流。考虑到受到涡流影响的圆柱体来验证涡流公式，其中获得了气动力系数。利用此处提出的涡流模型再现了实验生成的龙卷风流场，并分析了受不同龙卷风流条件影响的立方体建筑。结果表明，由于边界条件和涡流模型参数经过正确校准，速度剖面模型能够令人满意地再现龙卷风流场和浸入物体上的空气动力。