High-temperature superconductivity, with transition temperatures up to ≈134 K at ambient pressure, occurs in layered cuprate compounds. The conducting CuO2 planes, which are universally present, are responsible for the superconductivity but also show a disposition to other competing states including spin and charge order. Charge-density-wave (CDW) order appears to be a universal property of cuprate superconductors. It has been studied via a multitude of probes including X-ray and neutron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning probe techniques, electronic transport, and quantum oscillations. Here, we review the microscopic properties of the CDW order. We discuss the nature of the ordered state, that is, its symmetry and microscopic structure. Furthermore, we show how the CDW order is related to quenched disorder, host structure, symmetry breaking perturbations, and magnetic fields. We also describe measurements of dynamic collective charge excitations that are closely related to the quasi-static CDW order. Finally, we highlight some of the debated issues in the field, including the origin of the CDW order, the relationship to spin order, and the nature of the spatial CDW correlations.

中文翻译：

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铜酸盐超导体中的电荷相关性


层状铜酸盐化合物具有高温超导性，在环境压力下转变温度高达约 134 K。普遍存在的导电 CuO2 平面负责超导性，但也表现出对其他竞争状态（包括自旋和电荷顺序）的配置。电荷密度波（CDW）顺序似乎是铜酸盐超导体的普遍特性。人们通过多种探针对其进行了研究，包括 X 射线和中子散射、核磁共振、扫描探针技术、电子输运和量子振荡。在这里，我们回顾一下 CDW 阶的微观特性。我们讨论有序态的本质，即它的对称性和微观结构。此外，我们还展示了 CDW 阶数与猝灭无序、主体结构、对称性破缺扰动和磁场的关系。我们还描述了与准静态 CDW 阶数密切相关的动态集体电荷激发的测量。最后，我们强调了该领域的一些有争议的问题，包括 CDW 顺序的起源、与自旋顺序的关系以及空间 CDW 相关性的性质。