Peri-implantitis is one of the most important biological complications in the field of oral implantology. Identifying the causative factors of peri-implant inflammation and osteolysis is crucial for the disease’s prevention and treatment. The underlying risk factors and detailed pathogenesis of peri-implantitis remain to be elucidated. Titanium-based implants as the most widely used implant inevitably release titanium particles into the surrounding tissue. Notably, the concentration of titanium particles increases significantly at peri-implantitis sites, suggesting titanium particles as a potential risk factor for the condition. Previous studies have indicated that titanium particles can induce peripheral osteolysis and foster the development of aseptic osteoarthritis in orthopedic joint replacement. However, it remains unconfirmed whether this phenomenon also triggers inflammation and bone resorption in peri-implant tissues. This review summarizes the distribution of titanium particles around the implant, the potential roles in peri-implantitis and the prevalent prevention strategies, which expects to provide new directions for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of peri-implantitis.

种植体周围炎是口腔种植领域最重要的生物学并发症之一。确定种植体周围炎症和骨溶解的致病因素对于该疾病的预防和治疗至关重要。种植体周围炎的潜在危险因素和详细发病机制仍有待阐明。钛基植入物作为应用最广泛的植入物，不可避免地将钛颗粒释放到周围组织中。值得注意的是，种植体周围炎部位钛颗粒的浓度显着增加，表明钛颗粒是该病的潜在危险因素。先前的研究表明，钛颗粒可以诱导周围骨质溶解，并促进骨科关节置换术中无菌性骨关节炎的发展。然而，这种现象是否也会引发种植体周围组织的炎症和骨吸收尚未得到证实。本文综述了种植体周围钛颗粒的分布、在种植体周围炎中的潜在作用以及流行的预防策略，以期为种植体周围炎的发病机制和治疗研究提供新的方向。