Global Positioning System technique has been widely used to estimate ocean tide loading displacements, but classical harmonic analysis with satellite modulation typically disregards the effects of hundreds of minor tides within the same tidal species of major tides. We present an improved harmonic analysis of eight major tidal constituents (M2, S2, N2, K2, K1, O1, P1 and Q1) that are adjusted by more adjacent minor tides in semidiurnal and diurnal species than the usual satellite modulation approach, through the tidal admittance interpolation. Our results show that this approach allows for a more reliable determination of GPS-observed N2, Q1, P1 and S2 constituents in the northwest European shelf than the classical method, as demonstrated by a comparison with FES2014b and TPXO9-Atlas ocean tide model predictions. The advantages of our method are more pronounced in the harmonic analysis of GPS time series of short duration (1–2 years) than long duration. These improvements mainly depend on some inferred minor tides with larger equilibrium amplitudes, which provide effective admittance constraints to major tidal estimation. Among the major tidal estimates, the most significant improvement is seen for the N2 constituent (with the maximum improvement of 9.9%, 9.0% and 9.7% for the up, east and north components in terms of agreement with FES2014b model predictions), particularly along the Wadden Sea coast where significant satellite modulation deviations occur.

全球定位系统技术已广泛用于估计海洋潮汐加载位移，但采用卫星调制的经典谐波分析通常忽略大潮相同潮汐种类内数百个小潮的影响。我们提出了八个主要潮汐成分（M2、S2、N2、K2、K1、O1、P1 和 Q1）的改进谐波分析，与通常的卫星调制方法相比，这些潮汐成分通过半日和日潮中更多相邻的小潮进行调整，通过潮汐导纳插值。我们的结果表明，与 FES2014b 和 TPXO9-Atlas 海潮模型预测的比较表明，与传统方法相比，这种方法可以更可靠地确定西北欧洲大陆架中 GPS 观测的 N2、Q1、P1 和 S2 成分。我们的方法的优点在短持续时间（1-2 年）的 GPS 时间序列的调和分析中比长持续时间更明显。这些改进主要依赖于一些推断的具有较大平衡振幅的小潮，这为大潮汐估计提供了有效的准入约束。在主要潮汐估计中，N2 潮汐成分的改善最为显着（与 FES2014b 模型预测一致，上游、东部和北部潮汐成分的最大改善分别为 9.9%、9.0% 和 9.7%），特别是沿瓦登海沿岸发生了严重的卫星调制偏差。