The UK's tourism and hospitality industries, having the highest concentration of migrant workers compared to other industries, face complex challenges in managing the risks of labour exploitation and modern slavery (MS); issues largely neglected in academic research. New employment models risk weakening workers' power in employment relations, potentially leading to increased vulnerability and exploitation risk. Based on analysing primary and secondary sources, this article examines the nature of these risks. Our findings show the following drivers: power imbalances; possible enforcement gaps; normalisation and moralisation of possible exploitation; and potential threats posed by macro-level political and socioeconomic issues/events; these, including more competitive labour markets, paradoxically also present opportunities. We develop significant, novel theoretical contributions and propose the new ‘(in)conspicuous exploitariat’ concept, encapsulating their (dis)empowerment, and potential future risks/opportunities. The research advances theory, with implications for policy and practice, for both the UK and the international tourism and hospitality industries.

中文翻译：

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低调神秘？酒店业的现代奴隶制和劳动力剥削风险

与其他行业相比，英国的旅游和酒店业拥有最集中的移民工人，在管理劳动力剥削和现代奴役（MS）风险方面面临着复杂的挑战；学术研究中很大程度上被忽视的问题。新的就业模式可能会削弱工人在雇佣关系中的权力，从而可能导致脆弱性和剥削风险增加。本文在分析主要和次要来源的基础上，探讨了这些风险的性质。我们的研究结果显示了以下驱动因素：权力失衡；可能存在的执法差距；可能的剥削的正常化和道德化；宏观政治和社会经济问题/事件造成的潜在威胁；矛盾的是，这些，包括更具竞争力的劳动力市场，也提供了机会。我们提出了重要的、新颖的理论贡献，并提出了新的“（不）显着的剥削者”概念，概括了他们的（剥夺）权力以及未来潜在的风险/机会。该研究推进了理论，对英国和国际旅游和酒店业的政策和实践具有影响。