Changes to work and family norms and polices over the last several decades have reshaped both the job quality and the nature of job and family formation in the United States. Neoliberal policies have generated a slew of flexible but precarious working conditions; labor force participation is now the modal path for all genders regardless of parental or marital status. Leveraging data on 3,419 working men and women from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, I use granular measures of job quality to identify distinct job quality-family typologies among both men and women in early adulthood to midadulthood to examine differential implications for psychological and physiological stress. I find four types among men and three among women. Family formation and job prestige appear to differentiate stressful from nonstressful jobs for men; stress outcomes for women are more complex, with job characteristics such as flexibility playing a greater role.

中文翻译：

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揭秘工作压力：男性和女性的压力水平如何因工作质量和家庭构成的类型而异。

过去几十年来工作和家庭规范和政策的变化重塑了美国的工作质量以及工作和家庭构成的性质。新自由主义政策创造了一系列灵活但不稳定的工作条件；现在，无论父母或婚姻状况如何，劳动力参与已成为所有性别的最佳途径。利用国家青少年至成人健康纵向研究中 3,419 名职业男性和女性的数据，我使用工作质量的精细测量来确定男性和女性在成年早期到成年中期不同的工作质量-家庭类型，以研究对心理的不同影响。和生理压力。我在男性中发现了四种类型，在女性中发现了三种类型。对于男性来说，家庭构成和工作声望似乎是区分压力工作和无压力工作的因素；女性的压力结果更为复杂，灵活性等工作特征发挥着更大的作用。