om clinical trials or observational studies. The traditional null hypothesis significance testing (frequentist) approach uses only the data collected from the current study to make inferences. On the other hand, the Bayesian approach quantifies the external information or expert knowledge and combines the external information with the study data, then makes inference from this combined information. We introduce to the clinical and translational science researcher what it means to do Bayesian statistics, why a researcher would choose to perform their analyses using the Bayesian approach, when it would be advantageous to use a Bayesian instead of a frequentist approach, and how Bayesian analyses and interpretations differ from the more traditional frequentist methods. Throughout this paper, we use various pain- and anesthesia-related examples to highlight the ideas and statistical concepts that should be relatable to other areas of research as well....

中文翻译：

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临床研究贝叶斯分析简介

om 临床试验或观察性研究。传统的零假设显着性检验（频率主义）方法仅使用从当前研究中收集的数据来做出推论。另一方面，贝叶斯方法量化外部信息或专家知识，并将外部信息与研究数据相结合，然后从这些组合信息中进行推断。我们向临床和转化科学研究人员介绍进行贝叶斯统计意味着什么，为什么研究人员会选择使用贝叶斯方法进行分析，何时使用贝叶斯方法而不是频率论方法更有利，以及贝叶斯如何分析和解释不同于更传统的频率论方法。在本文中，我们使用各种与疼痛和麻醉相关的例子来强调也应该与其他研究领域相关的想法和统计概念......