Although intrinsic motivation is often viewed as preferable to more extrinsic forms of motivation, there is evidence that the adaptiveness of these motivational states depends on the nature of the task being completed (e.g., Cerasoli et al., 2014). Specifically, research suggests task-motivation fit such that intrinsic motivation tends to benefit performance on open-ended tasks (tasks that involve qualitative performance assessment; e.g., creative writing) and extrinsic motivation benefits performance on closed-ended tasks (tasks that involve quantitative performance assessment; e.g., multiple choice). We examined people's metamotivational beliefs about intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the context of this task-motivation fit. Across 11 studies (seven primary, four supplemental; N = 3,544), participants provided beliefs about the utility of different types of motivation-regulation strategies: strategies that enhance one's interest and enjoyment in a task versus strategies that focus on the value associated with task outcomes (self-relevance strategies and reward strategies). Across all studies, participants recognized that the adaptiveness of these strategies depends on the nature of the task being completed. Consistent with an understanding of normative task-motivation fit, participants generally reported that interest-enhancing strategies were more useful for open-ended tasks and that reward strategies were more useful for closed-ended tasks; however, in some studies, participants reported that reward strategies were equally useful across task types (Studies 2, 3, and 5). More normatively accurate beliefs were associated with more normatively accurate consequential behavioral choices (Study 6) and better task performance (Study 7). We discuss the implications of these results for theories of motivation and self-regulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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关于内在和外在动机的元动机信念。

尽管内在动机通常被认为优于外在形式的动机，但有证据表明这些动机状态的适应性取决于所完成任务的性质（例如，Cerasoli 等人，2014）。具体来说，研究表明任务动机相匹配，内在动机往往有利于开放式任务（涉及定性绩效评估的任务；例如创意写作）的绩效，而外在动机有利于封闭式任务（涉及定量绩效的任务）的绩效评估；例如多项选择）。我们在任务动机契合的背景下研究了人们对内在和外在动机的元动机信念。在 11 项研究中（7 项主要研究，4 项补充研究；N = 3,544），参与者提供了关于不同类型的动机调节策略的效用的信念：增强个人对任务的兴趣和享受的策略与关注与任务相关的价值的策略结果（自我相关策略和奖励策略）。在所有研究中，参与者认识到这些策略的适应性取决于所完成任务的性质。与对规范任务动机契合度的理解一致，参与者普遍报告说，兴趣增强策略对于开放式任务更有用，而奖励策略对于封闭式任务更有用；然而，在一些研究中，参与者报告说奖励策略在不同的任务类型中同样有用（研究 2、3 和 5）。更规范准确的信念与更规范准确的后续行为选择（研究 6）和更好的任务表现（研究 7）相关。我们讨论这些结果对动机和自我调节理论的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。