Since the 1970s, hundreds of randomized trials have examined the effects of psychotherapies for depression, and this number is increasing every year. In this study, we report outcomes from a living systematic review of these studies. We use Poisson regression analyses to examine if the proportions of studies have changed over time across the characteristics of the participants, therapies, and studies. We also present a meta-analysis of the effects across the major types, formats, targets, and age groups. We included 562 randomized controlled trials (669 comparisons; 66,361 patients). Most trials are conducted in adults and the relative proportion of trials in children and adolescents, as well as in older patients is significantly decreasing. The effects in children and adolescents are also significantly smaller than in adults (p = .007). Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is by far the best examined type of therapy (52%), but not necessarily more effective than other therapies. Over time, the proportion of studies examining several other types of therapy is significantly decreased compared to CBT. The quality of trials has increased over time, but still, a majority do not meet basic quality criteria, not even in recent years. The effects found in studies with low risk of bias are significantly smaller than in other studies (b = -0.21; SE = 0.05; p < .001). Most trials are conducted in the United States, but the proportion of studies in other parts of the world is rapidly increasing. The evidence that psychotherapies are effective is strong and growing every year. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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抑郁症心理治疗的五年研究：历史和荟萃分析概述。

自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，已有数百项随机试验检验了心理疗法对抑郁症的效果，而且这个数字每年都在增加。在这项研究中，我们报告了对这些研究的实时系统回顾的结果。我们使用泊松回归分析来检查研究比例是否随着时间的推移在参与者、治疗和研究的特征上发生了变化。我们还对主要类型、形式、目标和年龄组的影响进行了荟萃分析。我们纳入了 562 项随机对照试验（669 项比较；66,361 名患者）。大多数试验是在成人中进行的，儿童和青少年以及老年患者的试验相对比例正在显着下降。对儿童和青少年的影响也明显小于成人 (p = .007)。认知行为疗法 (CBT) 是迄今为止检查最好的治疗类型 (52%)，但不一定比其他疗法更有效。随着时间的推移，与 CBT 相比，检查其他几种治疗类型的研究比例显着下降。随着时间的推移，试验的质量不断提高，但大多数试验仍然不符合基本的质量标准，即使在最近几年也是如此。低偏倚风险研究中发现的影响明显小于其他研究（b = -0.21；SE = 0.05；p < .001）。大多数试验是在美国进行的，但在世界其他地区进行的研究比例正在迅速增加。心理治疗有效的证据非常充分，而且每年都在增加。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。