Dasgupta and Greenwald (2001) demonstrated that exposure to positive Black exemplars (e.g., Colin Powell) and negative White exemplars (e.g., Jeffrey Dahmer) can reduce implicit pro-White/anti-Black evaluations, as measured by an Implicit Association Test. Here, we report seven preregistered online experiments conducted with volunteer U.S. participants (N = 6,953) that sought to replicate and probe the boundary conditions of this finding. Contrary to expectations, we found no shift in implicit racial evaluations in two close replication attempts (Experiments 1-2). Experiments 3-4 ruled out the possibility of insufficiently strong exemplar valence and subtyping as explanations for the failures to replicate. In Experiment 5, implicit racial evaluations did exhibit malleability in response to two different procedures relying on repeated evaluative pairings and evaluative statements, suggesting that they are capable of change. With insight from these studies, Experiments 6-7 were mounted with modifications to the Dasgupta and Greenwald (2001) procedure. Significant reductions in implicit pro-White/anti-Black evaluations were now observed when race, valence, and the contingency between the two were highlighted. In addition, across all experiments, the magnitude of shift in implicit racial evaluations was significantly predicted by participants' ability to recall the Black-positive and White-negative contingencies experienced during the exemplar exposure task. Together, these data suggest that exposure to counterattitudinal exemplars can shift implicit racial evaluations toward neutrality, but such malleability strongly depends on contingency awareness. We discuss implications for social cognitive theory, theoretically informed debiasing interventions, and different paths toward resolving initial replication failures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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（何时）反态度的榜样会改变隐含的种族评价吗？Dasgupta 和 Greenwald (2001) 的复制和扩展。

Dasgupta 和 Greenwald (2001) 证明，通过内隐关联测试测量，接触积极的黑人范例（例如科林·鲍威尔）和消极的白人范例（例如杰弗里·达默）可以减少内隐的亲白人/反黑人评价。在这里，我们报告了七个由美国志愿者参与者（N = 6,953）进行的预先注册的在线实验，旨在复制和探索这一发现的边界条件。与预期相反，我们在两次接近的复制尝试（实验 1-2）中发现隐性种族评估没有变化。实验 3-4 排除了样本效价和子类型不够强的可能性，作为复制失败的解释。在实验 5 中，隐性种族评估确实表现出了可塑性，以响应依赖于重复评估配对和评估陈述的两种不同程序，这表明它们有能力改变。根据这些研究的见解，实验 6-7 对 Dasgupta 和 Greenwald (2001) 程序进行了修改。当强调种族、效价以及两者之间的偶然性时，现在可以观察到隐含的亲白人/反黑人评价显着减少。此外，在所有实验中，隐性种族评估的转变幅度可以通过参与者回忆在示例暴露任务中经历的黑人阳性和白人阴性意外事件的能力来显着预测。总之，这些数据表明，接触反态度的榜样可以将隐性种族评价转向中立，但这种可塑性在很大程度上取决于应急意识。我们讨论对社会认知理论的影响、理论上知情的去偏见干预措施以及解决初始复制失败的不同路径。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。