We commonly attribute an understanding of language to others including very young infants, and, more controversially, to other animals and computers. Although we adults attribute or "ascribe" understanding to very young children, only in the late preschool years do the children themselves begin to ascribe understanding to themselves and others a competence that comes with learning the meaning of the word "understand." It is argued that ascription of understanding to others allows the creation of shared belief while self-ascription allows one to introspect on one's understanding: to know that one understands, to understand expressions that young children would simply reject as false, and to understand hypotheticals and counterfactuals. This competence applies to both understanding spoken expressions and reading comprehension. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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将理解归因于我们自己和他人。

我们通常将对语言的理解归因于其他人，包括非常年幼的婴儿，而且更有争议的是，归因于其他动物和计算机。尽管我们成年人将理解力归因于年幼的孩子，但只有在学龄前后期，孩子们自己才开始将理解力归因于自己和他人，这种能力是通过学习“理解”一词的含义而获得的。有人认为，将理解归因于他人可以创造共同的信念，而自我归因则可以让人们反思自己的理解：知道自己理解了，理解了年幼的孩子会简单地拒绝为错误的表达方式，并理解了假设和假设。反事实。这种能力适用于理解口语表达和阅读理解。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。