Cognitive disorders are increasingly recognized in Parkinson disease (PD), even in early disease stages, and memory is one of the most affected cognitive domains. Classically, hippocampal cholinergic system dysfunction was associated with memory disorders, whereas nigrostriatal dopaminergic system impairment was considered responsible for executive deficits. Evidence from PD studies now supports involvement of the amygdala, which modulates emotional attribution to experiences. Here, we propose a tripartite model including the hippocampus, striatum and amygdala as key structures for cognitive disorders in PD. First, the anatomo-functional relationships of these structures are explored and experimental evidence supporting their role in cognitive dysfunction in PD is summarized. We then discuss the potential role of α-synuclein, a pathological hallmark of PD, in the tripartite memory system as a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of memory disorders in the disease.

帕金森病 (PD) 中的认知障碍越来越多，即使在疾病早期阶段也是如此，而记忆是受影响最严重的认知领域之一。传统上，海马胆碱能系统功能障碍与记忆障碍有关，而黑质纹状体多巴胺能系统功能障碍被认为是执行缺陷的原因。来自 PD 研究的证据现在支持杏仁核的参与，它调节对经历的情绪归因。在这里，我们提出了一个三方模型，包括海马体、纹状体和杏仁核作为帕金森病认知障碍的关键结构。首先，探索这些结构的解剖功能关系，并总结支持它们在帕金森病认知功能障碍中的作用的实验证据。然后，我们讨论了 α-突触核蛋白（PD 的病理标志）在三方记忆系统中的潜在作用，作为该疾病记忆障碍发病机制的关键机制。