In the context of intractable conflicts, emotions such as anger, constitute a major factor in the formation of attitude and behaviour. Collective public in-group anger is based on an appraisal of the out-group's behaviour as unjust and unfair. Anger is the primary negative emotion in numerous intractable conflicts. Context affects the potential construction of anger and it has great potential to influence emotional reactions and subsequent behaviour. In contrast to individual emotions, which are sometimes related to a dispositional system or physiological mechanisms, collective or group-based anger is formed as a consequence of experiences in particular societal environments that produce “circulation of affect” and collective anger. To take one current example, the intractability of the Rohingya conflict in Myanmar is anchored in a set of competing narratives and entrenched nationalism. The conflict can be explained by significant changes in the social and political contexts that have led to a reinterpretation of the historical and social conditions between ethnic Rakhine and Rohingya, and in some cases a re-directing of anger to non-aggressive yet advocative approaches of peacebuilding. Such an analysis subscribes to a growing number of recent studies that demonstrate the potentially remedial effects of anger in peace-making processes.

中文翻译：

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理解棘手冲突中的集体愤怒：缅甸罗辛亚冲突的背景、情绪和共存的可能性

在棘手的冲突中，愤怒等情绪是态度和行为形成的主要因素。群体内的集体公共愤怒是基于对群体外行为的不公正和不公平的评价。愤怒是许多棘手冲突中的主要负面情绪。背景会影响愤怒的潜在构建，并且很有可能影响情绪反应和随后的行为。与有时与性格系统或生理机制有关的个人情绪相反，集体或基于群体的愤怒是特定社会环境中产生“情感循环”和集体愤怒的经历的结果。举一个当前的例子，缅甸罗辛亚冲突的棘手根源在于一系列相互竞争的叙述和根深蒂固的民族主义。冲突可以用社会和政治环境的重大变化来解释，这些变化导致对若开族和罗兴亚族之间的历史和社会条件的重新解释，并且在某些情况下将愤怒重新导向非侵略性但倡导性的方法。建设和平。这样的分析赞同最近越来越多的研究，这些研究表明愤怒在和平进程中具有潜在的补救作用。