Modern health care faces several serious challenges, including an ageing population and its inherent burden of chronic diseases, rising costs and marginal quality metrics. By assessing and optimizing the health trajectory of each individual using a data-driven personalized approach that reflects their genetics, behaviour and environment, we can start to address these challenges. This assessment includes longitudinal phenome measures, such as the blood proteome and metabolome, gut microbiome composition and function, and lifestyle and behaviour through wearables and questionnaires. Here, we review ongoing large-scale genomics and longitudinal phenomics efforts and the powerful insights they provide into wellness. We describe our vision for the transformation of the current health care from disease-oriented to data-driven, wellness-oriented and personalized population health.

现代医疗保健面临着一些严峻的挑战，包括人口老龄化及其固有的慢性病负担、成本上升和边际质量指标。通过使用反映每个人的遗传、行为和环境的数据驱动的个性化方法来评估和优化每个人的健康轨迹，我们可以开始应对这些挑战。该评估包括纵向表观测量，例如血液蛋白质组和代谢组、肠道微生物组组成和功能，以及通过可穿戴设备和问卷调查的生活方式和行为。在这里，我们回顾了正在进行的大规模基因组学和纵向表型组学工作以及它们为健康提供的强大见解。我们描述了当前医疗保健从以疾病为导向向数据驱动、以健康为导向和个性化的人口健康转变的愿景。