Introduction After puberty, females are more likely to develop asthma and in a more severe form than males. The associations between asthma and sex are complex with multiple intrinsic and external factors. Aim To evaluate the sex differences in the characteristics and treatment of patients with severe asthma (SA) in a real-world setting. Methods Demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics for patients with SA in the UK Severe Asthma Registry (UKSAR) and Optimum Patient Care Research Database (OPCRD) were retrospectively analysed by sex using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for year, age and hospital/practice. Results 3679 (60.9% female) patients from UKSAR and 18 369 patients (67.9% female) from OPCRD with SA were included. Females were more likely to be symptomatic with increased Asthma Control Questionnaire-6 (UKSAR adjusted OR (aOR) 1.14, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.18) and Royal College of Physicians-3 Question scores (OPCRD aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.47). However, they had a higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second per cent (FEV1%) predicted (UKSAR 68.7% vs 64.8%, p<0.001) with no significant difference in peak expiratory flow. Type 2 biomarkers IgE (UKSAR 129 IU/mL vs 208 IU/mL, p<0.001) and FeNO (UKSAR 36ppb vs 46ppb, p<0.001) were lower in females with no significant difference in blood eosinophils or biological therapy. Females were less likely to be on maintenance oral corticosteroids (UKSAR aOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.99) but more likely to be obese (UKSAR aOR 1.67, 95% CI 145 to 1.93; OPCRD SA aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.58). Conclusions Females had increased symptoms and were more likely to be obese despite higher FEV1% predicted and lower type 2 biomarkers with consistent and clinically important differences across both datasets. Data are available on reasonable request. No data are available. Although public access to the dataset is not granted, researchers can request access for OPCRD data through the OPCRD website or by contacting info@opcrd.co.uk.

中文翻译：

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性别对严重哮喘的影响：英国初级和专科护理的横断面回顾性分析

简介 青春期后，女性比男性更容易患哮喘，而且病情更严重。哮喘与性别之间的关系很复杂，有多种内在和外在因素。目的 评估现实世界中严重哮喘 (SA) 患者的特征和治疗方面的性别差异。方法 使用单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，对英国严重哮喘登记处 (UKSAR) 和最佳患者护理研究数据库 (OPCRD) 中 SA 患者的人口统计学、临床和治疗特征进行按性别进行回顾性分析，并根据年份、年龄和医院/实践进行调整。结果 纳入了来自 UKSAR 的 3679 名 SA 患者（60.9% 女性）和来自 OPCRD 的 18 369 名 SA 患者（67.9% 女性）。随着哮喘控制问卷 6（UKSAR 调整 OR (aOR) 1.14，95% CI 1.09 至 1.18）和皇家内科医学院 3 问题评分（OPCRD aOR 1.29，95% CI 1.13 至 1.47）的增加，女性更有可能出现症状。 ）。然而，他们的 1 秒用力呼气量 (FEV1%) 预测较高（UKSAR 68.7% vs 64.8%，p<0.001），呼气流量峰值没有显着差异。女性中 2 型生物标志物 IgE（UKSAR 129 IU/mL vs 208 IU/mL，p<0.001）和 FeNO（UKSAR 36ppb vs 46ppb，p<0.001）较低，血液嗜酸性粒细胞或生物治疗没有显着差异。女性维持口服皮质类固醇的可能性较小（UKSAR aOR 0.86，95% CI 0.75 至 0.99），但肥胖的可能性更大（UKSAR aOR 1.67，95% CI 145 至 1.93；OPRDD SA aOR 1.46，95% CI 1.34 至1.58）。结论 尽管预测的 FEV1% 较高且 2 型生物标志物较低，但女性的症状有所增加，并且更有可能肥胖，这两个数据集之间存在一致且具有临床重要意义的差异。可根据合理要求提供数据。无可用数据。尽管未授予公众访问该数据集的权限，但研究人员可以通过 OPCRD 网站或联系 info@opcrd.co.uk 请求访问 OPCRD 数据。