Possessing a unique combination of properties that are traditionally contradictory in other natural or synthetical materials, Ga-based liquid metals (LMs) exhibit low mechanical stiffness and flowability like a liquid, with good electrical and thermal conductivity like metal, as well as good biocompatibility and room-temperature phase transformation. These remarkable properties have paved the way for the development of novel reconfigurable or stretchable electronics and devices. Despite these outstanding properties, the easy oxidation, high surface tension, and low rheological viscosity of LMs have presented formidable challenges in high-resolution patterning. To address this challenge, various surface modifications or additives have been employed to tailor the oxidation state, viscosity, and patterning capability of LMs. One effective approach for LM patterning is breaking down LMs into microparticles known as liquid metal particles (LMPs). This facilitates LM patterning using conventional techniques such as stencil, screening, or inkjet printing. Judiciously formulated photo-curable LMP inks or the introduction of an adhesive seed layer combined with a modified lift-off process further provide the micrometer-level LM patterns. Incorporating porous and adhesive substrates in LM-based electronics allows direct interfacing with the skin for robust and long-term monitoring of physiological signals. Combined with self-healing polymers in the form of substrates or composites, LM-based electronics can provide mechanical-robust devices to heal after damage for working in harsh environments. This review provides the latest advances in LM-based composites, fabrication methods, and their novel and unique applications in stretchable or reconfigurable sensors and resulting integrated systems. It is believed that the advancements in LM-based material preparation and high-resolution techniques have opened up opportunities for customized designs of LM-based stretchable sensors, as well as multifunctional, reconfigurable, highly integrated, and even standalone systems.

镓基液态金属 (LM) 具有传统上与其他天然或合成材料相矛盾的独特特性组合，具有像液体一样的低机械刚度和流动性，具有像金属一样良好的导电性和导热性，以及良好的生物相容性和良好的生物相容性。室温相变。这些卓越的特性为新型可重构或可拉伸电子设备的开发铺平了道路。尽管具有这些突出的特性，但LM的易氧化、高表面张力和低流变粘度给高分辨率图案化带来了巨大的挑战。为了应对这一挑战，人们采用了各种表面改性或添加剂来调整 LM 的氧化态、粘度和图案化能力。LM 图案化的一种有效方法是将 LM 分解为称为液态金属颗粒 (LMP) 的微粒。这有利于使用模板、丝网或喷墨印刷等传统技术进行 LM 图案化。精心配制的光固化 LMP 油墨或引入粘合种子层与改进的剥离工艺相结合，进一步提供了微米级的 LM 图案。在基于 LM 的电子产品中加入多孔和粘合基材，可以直接与皮肤连接，从而实现对生理信号的稳健和长期监测。与基材或复合材料形式的自修复聚合物相结合，基于LM的电子产品可以提供机械坚固的设备，可以在恶劣环境下工作时在损坏后进行修复。本综述提供了基于 LM 的复合材料、制造方法及其在可拉伸或可重构传感器以及由此产生的集成系统中新颖且独特的应用的最新进展。人们相信，基于LM的材料制备和高分辨率技术的进步为基于LM的可拉伸传感器以及多功能、可重构、高度集成甚至独立系统的定制设计提供了机会。