Purpose of Review

The goal of this review was to determine what constitutes current challenges in effectively implementing sustainable forest operations in Amazonia. Next, succinctly characterize these challenges into comprehensive well-defined areas. Then ascertain the solutions provided in the literature. Lastly, after a thorough assessment, present potential directions to assist foresters, land managers, researchers, and loggers to build a consensus on what is necessary to achieve sustainable forest operations in Amazonia.

Recent Findings

Illegal logging is a pervasive threat to the credibility of the forest sector with 38% of all logged area in the Brazilian Amazon illegal, which undermines legitimate logging operations through an unfair competitive advantage. One solution is the application of near infrared spectroscopy which has shown promise in determining species and potentially the region of origin. This same technology is also being refined for utilization in species differentiation between logging residues used in green energy, as some industries are species averse, whereas the same species may still be viable for energy generation. Recent models reveal that in the Brazilian Amazon the logging cycle is too short and the cutting intensity too high. Moreover, tree age estimation, which is difficult in many Amazonian species, can now be determined through radiocarbon analysis to determine sustainable cutting cycles.

Summary

Without increased onsite forest inspections and determination of timber origin, illegal logging will continue unabated. Stand damage from logging can easily be reduced through new models and programs that reduce logging infrastructure coverage. To avoid the depletion of timber stocking, the logging cycle must be increased to coincide with the slow growth realities of many species in the Amazon.

中文翻译：

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亚马逊流域可持续森林经营的挑战

审查目的

本次审查的目的是确定当前在亚马逊流域有效实施可持续森林经营所面临的挑战。接下来，将这些挑战简洁地描述为全面明确的领域。然后确定文献中提供的解决方案。最后，经过全面评估后，提出潜在的方向，以帮助林务员、土地管理者、研究人员和伐木者就实现亚马逊流域可持续森林经营的必要条件达成共识。

最近的发现

非法采伐对森林部门的信誉构成普遍威胁，巴西亚马逊地区 38% 的采伐面积为非法采伐，这通过不公平的竞争优势损害了合法采伐作业。一种解决方案是应用近红外光谱，它在确定物种和潜在的原产地方面显示出了前景。同样的技术也正在被改进，用于绿色能源中使用的伐木残留物之间的物种区分，因为一些行业厌恶物种，而相同的物种可能仍然适用于能源生产。最近的模型显示，巴西亚马逊地区的伐木周期太短，砍伐强度太高。此外，树龄估计对于许多亚马逊物种来说是困难的，现在可以通过放射性碳分析来确定，以确定可持续的砍伐周期。

概括

如果不加强现场森林检查和木材来源确定，非法采伐将继续有增无减。通过减少伐木基础设施覆盖范围的新模型和程序可以轻松减少伐木造成的林分损坏。为了避免木材库存枯竭，必须增加采伐周期，以适应亚马逊地区许多物种缓慢生长的现实。