The zoonotic emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the ensuing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have profoundly affected our society. The rapid spread and continuous evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to threaten global public health. Recent scientific advances have dissected many of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in coronavirus infections, and large-scale screens have uncovered novel host-cell factors that are vitally important for the virus life cycle. In this Review, we provide an updated summary of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, gene function and virus–host interactions, including recent landmark findings on general aspects of coronavirus biology and newly discovered host factors necessary for virus replication.

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的人畜共患病以及随后发生的 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行对我们的社会产生了深远的影响。SARS-CoV-2新变种的快速传播和持续进化继续威胁着全球公共卫生。最近的科学进展已经剖析了冠状病毒感染所涉及的许多分子和细胞机制，大规模筛选发现了对病毒生命周期至关重要的新型宿主细胞因子。在这篇综述中，我们提供了 SARS-CoV-2 生命周期、基因功能和病毒与宿主相互作用的最新总结，包括关于冠状病毒生物学一般方面的最新里程碑式发现以及新发现的病毒复制所需的宿主因素。