Background and Hypothesis Nonpsychotic symptoms (depression, anxiety, obsessions, etc.) are frequent in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and are usually conceptualized as comorbidity or transdiagnostic symptoms. However, in twentieth century foundational psychopathological literature, many nonpsychotic symptoms with specific phenomenology (here termed pseudoneurotic symptoms) were considered relatively typical of schizophrenia. In this prospective study, we investigated potential associations of pseudoneurotic symptoms with diagnostic status, functional outcome as well as psychopathological dimensions of schizophrenia. Study Design First-admitted patients (N = 121) diagnosed with non-affective psychosis, schizotypal disorder, or other mental illness were examined at initial hospitalization and 5 years later with a comprehensive assessment of psychopathology. Informed by the literature, we constructed scales targeting pseudoneurotic symptoms and other, more general, nonpsychotic symptoms. Study Results Pseudoneurotic symptoms aggregated in schizophrenia-spectrum groups compared to other mental illnesses and occurred at similar levels at baseline and follow-up. They longitudinally predicted poorer social and occupational functioning in schizophrenia-spectrum patients over a 5-year-period but not transition to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders from other mental illnesses. Finally, the level of pseudoneurotic symptoms correlated with disorder of basic self at both assessments and with positive and negative symptoms at follow-up. The scale targeting general nonpsychotic symptoms did not show this pattern of associations. Conclusions The study supports that a group of nonpsychotic symptoms, ie, pseudoneurotic symptoms, are associated with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and linked with temporally stable psychopathology, particularly disorder of the basic self. Their prospective association with social and occupational functioning needs replication.

中文翻译：

---

精神分裂症谱系中的假神经症状：其与精神病理学和临床结果关系的纵向研究

背景和假设非精神病症状（抑郁、焦虑、强迫等）在精神分裂症谱系疾病中很常见，通常被概念化为共病或跨诊断症状。然而，在二十世纪的基础精神病理学文献中，许多具有特定现象学的非精神病症状（这里称为假神经症症状）被认为是精神分裂症的相对典型。在这项前瞻性研究中，我们调查了假神经症症状与精神分裂症的诊断状态、功能结果以及精神病理维度的潜在关联。研究设计 首次入院的被诊断为非情感性精神病、精神分裂症或其他精神疾病的患者 (N = 121) 在初次住院时和 5 年后接受了精神病理学综合评估。根据文献，我们构建了针对假神经症症状和其他更普遍的非精神病症状的量表。研究结果与其他精神疾病相比，精神分裂症谱系组的假性神经症状聚集，并且在基线和随访时发生的水平相似。他们纵向预测了精神分裂症谱系患者在五年内的社会和职业功能较差，但没有预测从其他精神疾病转变为精神分裂症谱系障碍。最后，假神经症症状的水平与评估时的基本自我障碍以及随访时的阳性和阴性症状相关。针对一般非精神病症状的量表并未显示出这种关联模式。结论 该研究支持一组非精神病症状，即假性神经症症状，与精神分裂症谱系障碍相关，并与暂时稳定的精神病理学，特别是基本自我障碍有关。它们与社会和职业功能的预期关联需要复制。