Sweden was one of the first countries to introduce a carbon tax back in 1991. We assemble a unique data set tracking CO2 emissions from Swedish manufacturing firms over 26 years to estimate the impact of carbon pricing on firm-level emission intensities. We estimate an emission-to-pricing elasticity of around two, with substantial heterogeneity across subsectors and firms, where higher abatement costs and tighter financial constraints are associated with lower elasticities. A simple calibration suggests that 2015 CO2 emissions from Swedish manufacturing would have been roughly 30% higher without carbon pricing. (JEL H23, Q54, Q58, G32)

中文翻译：

---

碳定价对企业排放的影响：来自瑞典二氧化碳税的证据

瑞典是最早于 1991 年引入碳税的国家之一。我们收集了一个独特的数据集，跟踪瑞典制造企业 26 年来的二氧化碳排放量，以估计碳定价对企业层面排放强度的影响。我们估计排放价格弹性约为 2，各个子行业和企业之间存在很大的异质性，较高的减排成本和更严格的财务约束与较低的弹性相关。一项简单的校准表明，如果没有碳定价，2015 年瑞典制造业的二氧化碳排放量将增加约 30%。(JEL H23、Q54、Q58、G32)