Oxygen is essential for plant growth and development. Hypoxia occurs in plants due to limited oxygen availability following adverse environmental conditions as well in hypoxic niches in otherwise normoxic environments. However, the existence and functional integration of spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics with plant development remains unknown. In animal systems dynamic fluctuations in oxygen availability are known as cyclic hypoxia. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclic fluctuations in internal oxygen levels occur in young emerging leaves of plants. Cyclic hypoxia in plants is based on a mechanism requiring the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS type VII (ERFVII) that are central components of the oxygen-sensing machinery in plants. The ERFVII-dependent mechanism allows precise adjustment of leaf growth in response to carbon status and oxygen availability within plant cells. This study thus establishes a functional connection between internal spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics and developmental processes of plants.

中文翻译：

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幼叶的时空氧动态揭示了植物的周期性缺氧

氧气对于植物的生长和发育至关重要。由于不利环境条件下的氧气供应有限，以及在其他含氧量正常的环境中的缺氧生态位，植物中会发生缺氧。然而，时空氧动力学与植物发育的存在和功能整合仍然未知。在动物系统中，氧气利用率的动态波动被称为周期性缺氧。在这项研究中，我们证明了植物新长叶中内部氧气水平的周期性波动。植物中的周期性缺氧是基于需要第七型乙烯反应因子（ERFVII）的机制，该因子是植物中氧传感机制的核心组成部分。 ERFVII 依赖性机制允许根据植物细胞内的碳状态和氧气可用性精确调整叶片生长。因此，这项研究建立了植物内部时空氧动力学与发育过程之间的功能联系。